Why or Why Not College Should Be Free Essay examples

Some countries have free education from kindergarten to university, while students in other countries have to pay at every step of the way. This essay will look at some of the reasons for this difference at university level. Free third level education has several advantages. First of all, everyone can attend, so the gap between rich and poor students decreases as poorer students have more opportunity. The economy also benefits from the increased pool of highly educated labor. An educated workforce attracts employers and foreign investment. Socially, a more educated population should have more choices regarding nutrition, jobs and lifestyle. An additional point is that university fees only contribute a small proportion of the university†¦show more content†¦Restricting access to the elite will have detrimental effects on the society and the economy. However, there are sound economic and social reasons for making third level education free to all. In the first place, a modern country needs highly skilled graduates of all kinds, rather than just high school leavers. For many families, the high cost of tuition would discourage participation in third level education. An important point is that the contribution of fees to the budget of any good university or college is relatively small, since almost all colleges rely on large amounts of government or philanthropic funding. The money from fees may represent only a small part of the college budget. A third point is that third level education is not purely vocational. Students at college are not just being given technical skills desired by employers, but are questioning, analyzing, synthesizing and creating new knowledge, and this will be a tremendous resource to the society as a whole. With the extremely rapid development of the society, increasing young people choose to accept the higher education, in order to enhance their competitiveness. Yet, it is indisputable that the tuition is really high, and some family cannot afford it, because of which, personally, I insist that it should be a duty of the government to pay the course fees. In my essay, I will talk about thisShow MoreRelatedWhy Should College Shouldn t Be Free?1375 Words   |  6 Pagesprice per year to attend college has drastically increased. For instance, in the â€Å"1970’s the average cost was 10,000 dollars a year and today the average cost is 30,000 dollars a year† (CQ Researcher). This is a triple increase in the price per year to attend college. Allowing this increase on college tuition has impacted the student’s attendance rate. This is a significant financial burden for college students and their family. Some believe that college shouldn’t be free because we are ri sking theRead MoreWhy Students Drop Out Of College973 Words   |  4 Pagesnumber one reasons why students drop out of college is because of the financial struggles with college tuition. Without a big scholarship, college tuition costs can be a very scary thing to students. Some students do not even try to get into college because they know they cannot afford it. In order to pay for college students would have to work a full time job while attending school. Doing so is a very hard and stressful task to accomplish. Three of the main cons of providing free college tuition includeRead MoreCollege Should Not Be Free876 Words   |  4 Pagesmake public college tuition free. A recent movement to federally mandate college funding has struck the interest of the lower, impoverished members of society. However, if college tuition were free it would be unfair, unregulated, and cost-ineffective in the long run. What does free really mean? Does it include just tuition, or room, board and books ? Also, would it be completely free? Someone has to pay something somewhere down the line. There is no way to make college completely free. It would beRead MoreThe Benefits Of College Education911 Words   |  4 PagesWhy do we work hard in school and attempt to get good grades? Why do we believe that you have to do an outstanding job in high school? The answer is because the majority of us want to go to college and hopefully pursue a career that wed enjoy. So, why is it that just 65% of us obtain a college degree. The main factor is that college costs are soaring. According to reports the cost of a college degree has increased by 1,120 percent in just 30 years. Consequently, this has lead to difficulties forRead MoreShould College Athletes Get Paid?1742 Words   |  7 PagesShould College Athletes Get Paid? Should college athletes be paid? This has been a controversial topic ever since college sports started. Many people argue that they should. Many people argue that they should not. College athletes should get paid because they work extremely hard playing their sport. The people that say they should be paid argue that the amount of time athletes dedicate is equivalent to a full-time job, and maybe even more. The people that say they should not get paid argue that collegeRead MoreThe Importance Of Higher Education745 Words   |  3 Pagesstates provides free public education for students kindergarten through the twelfth grade. Going to school for these years is now becoming a necessity, but now so is college too. In order to make a career for ones self it is necessary for them to attend a university, so wouldnt you say one needs college in order to make a career for yourself. Higher education is important because it can pave the path to a better economy and society, starting a career, and ensuring a better life, that is why going to collegeRead MoreCollege Education : Should Be Free1749 Words   |  7 PagesA College Education: Should be free In the United States of America, College education should be universal and free for all students. According to the department of education, the statics show that at least $60,000 graduate college student will be in debt after coming out of college, and if these college graduate attended an Ivy League even more will increase up to up ward of $100,000 in more debt even before these students get their first job. For these young college graduates,Read MorePaying College Athletes1455 Words   |  6 PagesWhen it comes to college athletics, there always will be a problem that arises. It is one of the most controversial topics there is. One of the main issues within athletics is the idea of whether to pay college athletes or not. Several studies have been done along with articles from various sources. This has been on the rise especially since â€Å"March Madness† is coming up. â€Å"March Madness† may only consist of three weekends, however, an 11 billion dollar deal is made to televise the games (Wilbon).Read MoreTo What Extent Should College Athletes Be Paid or Not?1055 Words   |  4 Pageslately is whether college athletes should be paid or not. There have been convincing facts from both sides on whether these college athletes should receive pay while in school performing at their specific athletic event. There has been considerable controversy over the past years on whether or not National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) athletes should be paid or not. Fans, players, and the board of the NCAA all have their separate beliefs on why or why not the athletes should be paid. TheseRead MoreFree Education May Not Cost Paper Money983 Words   |  4 PagesFree education may not cost paper money, but it will cost society dire consequences. With election season coming up, it has remained a hot topic amongst the candidates. The Democratic party believes in the idea of free education while Republicans are more concerned with the economic aspect of it and what it will do with our economy. The consequences facing free education could potentially include higher taxes, lowering the value of education, and limiting employment opportunities. When a person

The Diamond Necklace Free Essays

Essays on the Diamond Necklace: Mathile not only was she unhappy,but also nothing seemed to make her happy. Some may say you cannot always have everything in life you may want. In the story â€Å"The Diamond Necklace† it shows us that greed and envy can lead to destruction. We will write a custom essay sample on The Diamond Necklace or any similar topic only for you Order Now In this story Mathilde is a very envious woman whom always dreamed of a life that she could not have. She was very charming and beautiful woman who thought that she must have been born into the wrong life, Since she had no way of getting known and married by a rich man.Instead she married a simple middle class man and lived a middle class life. All the while she dreamed of living the life of the rich. With beautiful gowns and glittlering jewelry. How happy she thought she would be. Then one day it happened that she and her husband where invited to a dinner ball. Her husband, thought this would make his wife happy since this is what she spent all of her time day dreaming of. Here is was the thing that consumed her finally at, but she was not happy.In fact, Mathilde was even more distraught because it brought to her attention that she had nothing proper to wear. Hoping to impress her guests and thus † fit in†, she borrows a beautiful diamond necklace from her friend. Unfortunately,during the course of the evening, the necklace is lost. Rather than confront her friend directly with the story of her carelessness,she and her husband scrape together every bit of money that they can.Mathilde and her husband was forced to work for years to replace the necklace that turns out to be nothing but plastic. Object being the necklace which she eventually loses and tries to replace. Instead of hiding the truth and facing the music, which was harder, to take than when she lied. The old adage which says,† what a tangled web weave when we first start to deceive†. Don’t worship gold and material possession’s. jealousy and envy are among the greatest of sins and have been the down fall of many. How to cite The Diamond Necklace, Papers

Sports in Great Britain, the USA and Russia free essay sample

The British like athletics really much. They are fond of all sorts of athleticss. Many athleticss were invented in Great Britain and so distribute throughout the universe. Sports became popular long ago. In the 19-th century athletics was organised at public schools so that immature people could develop their physical abilities. But shortly afterwards the thought was borrowed by business communities who started to organize football and other athleticss for their workers. From the 1960s commercial companies began to patronize different British athleticss and activities. The national British athleticss are: football, golf, cricket, tennis, racing, darts. Like everyone else the British adore football. Furthermore, the Englishmen invented it. Cipher can state for certain when people started playing football on the British Isles. It is of import nevertheless, that current unvarying regulations of the game were settled merely in the 19-th century. At that clip there was a great argument, whether one could utilize his manus to kick the ball or non. Those who wanted to allow the participants to transport the ball with their custodies united to organize rugger. Rugby is played by squads of 15 work forces with an egg-shaped ball. Those who insisted on playing with pess and caput merely had the bulk and that was the beginning of football as everybody knows it today. In Great Britain and more frequently in the United States football is called association football to separate the game from American football, the game that has much in common with rugger. Soccer, played about in all states, remains one of the most popular games in Great Britain. Each squad consists of field participants and one goalie. Merely the goalie is permitted to take the ball into his custodies. The game lasts for 90 proceedingss with a 15 minute interruption between two halves 45 proceedingss each. Most British towns and metropoliss have a football squad. Every twelvemonth, each squad in England dramas in the Football Association competition. The two best squads play in the Cup Final at Wembley Stadium in London. It is one of the biggest featuring events of the twelvemonth. Another traditional British game is cricket. Unlike football cricket is non widely dispersed outside the British Isles. Cricket is a summer game, it is played in schools, colleges, universities. Cricket is a really long and a really slow game. There are two squads. Each squad consists of 11 work forces. The bowler throws the ball, and a batter hits it with his chiropteran. Tennis is besides really popular in Britain. Two different games that do non hold much in common bear the name of tennis lawn tennis and table tennis. Both games foremost appeared in England, but today the British prefer lawn tennis to postpone tennis. Every summer, in June, the biggest tourney in the universe takes topographic point at Wimbledon. This universe Centre of lawn tennis is located in a suburb of London. Millions of people watch the Wimbledon Championship on Television. Table tennis originated in England in 1880. But the British participants are non lucky in table tennis international titles. Englishmans like all sorts of rushing. Horseracing, auto racing, boat racing, dog-racing, donkey racing are really popular in England. The most celebrated boat racing in England is between Oxford and Cambridge. It foremost started in 1820 and has been held about every spring since 1836. A batch of people come to watch this competition between England s prima universities. Americans are interested in different athleticss and activities. The major American athleticss are ice hockey, baseball, American football and hoops. The big pick of athleticss in America can be explained by the assortment and size of the state, its different climes and the people s love of competitions of any type. The seasons of the four major athleticss frequently overlap. Baseball is the most popular summer athletics in America. But the first baseball games start in warm, cheery parts like Florida and Arizona in winter. The first American baseball lucifer was held in 1839 in New York. There is an sentiment that baseball comes from a much older game, played in Europe for many old ages. To play baseball, two squads of nine participants are needed. The hurler throws the ball, and the hitter hits it with a chiropteran. Americans start playing baseball immature. There are conferences which kids of eight can fall in. The top participants become large stars. Americans play most international athleticss, but they do non play football in the same manner as the remainder of the universe. American football is a game that does non hold much in common with association football. The participants can run with a ball, touch and push each other. The field is non traditional, and even the form of the ball is different. American football participants wear helmets on their caputs, because the game is really unsafe. American football squads have eleven participants. Basketball was invented in the United States. A school teacher designed the regulations for a game that his pupils could play indoors. There are merely five participants in a hoops squad. Normally hoops participants are really tall and they show that hoops can be exciting. Ice hockey is America s favorite winter game. It is really fast. It can be unsafe and its participants wear helmets excessively. Other athleticss and activities attract 1000000s of participants and witnesss in the USA. These are swimming, tennis, endurance contests, bowling, crosscountry skiing, skating, and badminton. Now triathlon is one of the most popular athleticss in the USA. # 1063 ; comprises swimming, bike racing and long-distance running. Many athleticss are popular in Russia. There are many bowls and public athleticss installations here. Numerous national and international lucifers and competiti ons are on a regular basis held in our state. They attract big Numberss of fans. Most of the of import games are shown on Television. Football is believed to be Russia s favorite athletics in summer, while many immature people play ice hockey in winter. Our state has been successful in different athleticss, particularly in ice hockey. During the Olympic Games the Russian jocks prove the repute of Russia as universe s prima state in athleticss. The national squad of Russia has many times won the World Hockey Championships. In Russia much attending is paid to organized athleticss and this should nt dominate the many sporting activities which are portion of day-to-day Russian life. School kids spend their free clip playing football, hoops and other athleticss. In winter many Russians go in for skiing and skating. There are many skating rinks in the metropoliss. Is sport popular in your state? Today there is widespread involvement in athletics in Russia. What games do you play at school? -During PT classes students drama football, hoops, volleyball. Pupils besides do many exercisings that help them to maintain tantrum. In winter schools organise skiing competitions. What games are popular in Russia? Football, ice hockey and volleyball are certain to be the most popular games in Russia. A batch of fans go to the bowl to back up their squads. When it is non possible to travel to the bowl to back up the favorite squad people can watch competitions on Television. Television has made athleticss available to all. The accent on athleticss is apparent in flushing intelligence programmes. What football squads are popular in Russia? There are many good football squads in Russia. Moscow Spartak is the strongest and the most popular squad in Russia. Thousands of Spartak protagonists go to the bowl to see their squad drama. As for me, I prefer another Moscow squad, Locomotive. There are good participants in Loco and this squad has a great potency. I am certain that shortly Loco will take the topographic point of Spartak as the state s title-holder. What British football squads do you cognize? In Great Britain there are four football titles that are held individually: in England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. The best participants are in England. Many football participants from Continental Europe semen to play for English squads. I guess that today the strongest football squad on the British Isles is Manchester United , although London Arsenal and Chelsea every bit good as Blackburn Rovers are fearful challengers. Scotland is noted for its Glasgow Rangers. Is football popular in the United States? Yes, it is. Football is highly popular in the United States, but they have different regulations of the game. The fact is that in the United States when they say football they mean American football, while European football is normally referred to as association football. In the recent old ages association football is deriving its popularity in the United States every bit good. In 1994 World Football Championship took topographic point in the United States. However in the United States association football is particularly popular among misss, while male childs prefer athleticss that are more traditional for their state American football, baseball and hoops. Are you keen on athletics? Although athletics plays an of import function in my life, I do non travel in for it professionally. My pick of the athleticss depends upon the season. In summer I like to swim in the lakes and rivers and in winter I like to skate. Skating is a widespread activity among my friends. There are many skating rinks in our town. As for jogging I do it every forenoon all twelvemonth unit of ammunition. Is sport of import for your household? Yes, it is. Our household is making athleticss on the recreational degree. My male parent is an devouring cheat participant. My female parent likes walking in the Parks. My sister prefers to acquire fit at place. She has a batch of books and video-cassettes with instructions how to make place exercising programmes. Although I do non travel in for athleticss, I am fond of such activities that allow me to maintain tantrum at place. I prefer ramble oning. We besides like to watch football, ice-hockey and tennis lucifers on Television. What do American school and colleges use athleticss activities far? American schools and colleges use athleticss activities as a manner of learning societal values. Among these are teamwork and sportsmanship. The mean high school offers its pupils a great assortment of athleticss, including rowing, wrestle, tennis and golf. That is why Americans have done good in many sorts of athleticss. What is regarded as an ideal in the USA? Being intelligent and being good in athleticss are regarded as an ideal. There are many colleges that have first-class academic repute and are besides good in athleticss. What worries professional American jocks today? Today athletics becomes more and more professional. But it is possible to demo high consequences merely at a certain age. Many sportswomans have to end their professional calling in their mid-thirtiess. At present professional jocks are concerned with acquiring a good instruction that will let them to happen good occupations when their playing yearss are over. Are at that place particular universities for athleticss in the USA? There are no separate universities for athleticss in the USA. Everyone in America can take part in athleticss activities. Public athleticss installations have ever been available in great figure for participants.

Recruitment Process Outsourcing and in House Recruitment free essay sample

Recruitment is an important part of an organization’s human resource planning and their competitive strength. Competent human resources at the right positions in the organization are a vital resource and can be a core competency or a strategic advantage for it. The objective of the recruitment process is to obtain the number and quality of employees in order to help the organization to achieve its goals and objectives. With the same objective, recruitment helps to create a pool of prospective employees for the organization so that the management can select the right candidate for the right job from this pool. We will write a custom essay sample on Recruitment Process Outsourcing and in House Recruitment or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page According to Edwin B. Flippo, â€Å"Recruitment is the process of searching the candidates for employment and stimulating them to apply for jobs in the organization†. Recruitment is the activity that links the employers and the job seekers. Recruitment of candidates is the function preceding the selection, which helps create a pool of prospective employees for the organization so that the management can select the right candidate for the right job from this pool. The main objective of the recruitment process is to expedite the selection process. Recruitment is a continuous process whereby the firm attempts to develop a pool of qualified applicants for the future human resources needs even though specific vacancies do not exist. Usually, the recruitment process starts when a manger initiates an employee requisition for a specific vacancy or an anticipated vacancy. Sources of Recruitment: Advantages of using Internal Sources: Filling vacancies in higher jobs within the organization or through internal transfers has various advantages such as: ? Employees are motivated to improve their performance. ?Moral of the employees is increased. ?Industrial peace prevails in the enterprise because of promotional avenues. ?Filling of jobs internally I cheaper as compared to getting candidates from external sources. ?A promotion at higher levels my led to a chain of promotion at lower levels in the organization. This motivates employees to improve their performance through learning and practice. Transfer or job rotation is a tool of training the employees to prepare them for higher jobs. ?Transfer has the benefit of shifting workforce from the surplus departments to those where there is shortage of staff. Drawbacks of Internal Sources: Internal sources of recruitment have certain drawbacks such as: ? When vacancies are filled through internal promotions, th e scope for fresh talent is reduced. ?The employees may become lethargic if they are sure of time bound promotions. ?The spirit of competition among the employees may be hampered. ?Frequent transfers of employees may reduce the overall productivity of the organization. Advantages of using External Sources: The merits of external sources of recruitment are: ?Qualified Personnel: By using external sources of recruitment, the management can make qualified and trained people to apply for vacant jobs in the organization. ?Wider Choice: When vacancies are advertised widely, a large number of applicants from outside the organization apply. The management has a wider choice while selecting the people for employment. ?Fresh Talent: The insiders may have limited talents. External Sources facilitate infusion o fresh blood with new ideas into the enterprise. This will improve the overall working of the enterprise. Competitive Spirit: If a company can tap external sources, the existing staff will have to compete with the outsiders. They will work harder to show better performance. Drawbacks of External Sources: The demerits of filling vacancies from external sources of recruitment are: ? Dissatisfaction among Existing Staff: External recruitment may lead to dis satisfaction and frustration among existing employees. They may feel that their chances of promotion are reduced. ?Lengthy Process: Recruitment from outside takes long time. The business has to notify the vacancies and wait for applications to initiate the selection process. Uncertain Response: he candidates from outside may not be suitable for the enterprise. There is no guarantee that the enterprise will be able to attract right kind of people from external sources. Recruitment process Recruitment process involves a systematic procedure from sourcing the candidates to arranging and conducting the interviews. A general recruitment process is as follows: 1. Identify vacancy 2. Prepare job description and person specification 3. Advertising the vacancy 4. Managing the response 5. Short-listing 6. Arrange interviews 7. Conducting interview and decision making The recruitment process is immediately followed by the selection process i. e. the final interviews and the decision making, conveying the decision and the appointment formalities. The procedure of selection varies from organization to origination. The number of steps in the procedure and the sequence of steps also vary. Every organization designs a selection procedure that suits its requirements. However the main steps or stages that could be incorporated in the selection procedure are as under. Unfavorable personal data Unfavorable general impression Unfavorable test score Unfavorable impression Medical unfit Unfavorable previous history Recent trends in recruitment process: Outsourcing Under this arrangement company may draw the required personnel from the outsourcing firms or agencies or commission basis rather than offering them employment. This is also called leasing of human resources. The outsourcing firms develop their human resource pools by employing people for them and make available the personnel to various companies (called clients) as per their needs. Poaching or Raiding or Headhunting: Poaching or headhunting means employing a competent and experienced person already working in another reputed company, which might be a rival in the industry. A company can attract talent from another firm by offering attractive pay packages and other terms and conditions. Whatever may be the means used to raid rival firms for potential candidates, it I often seen s an unethical practice and not openly talked about. In fact, raiding has become a challenge for human resource managers of modern organization. Website or e-Recruitment Many big organizations use Internet as a source of recruitment. They advertise the job vacancies through the worldwide web (www). The job seekers send their applications or Curriculum Vitae that is, CV; through e-mail using Internet, which can be drawn by the prospective employer depending upon their requirements. Recruitment process outsourcing Business process outsourcing (BPO) is a broad term referring to outsourcing in all fields. Business Process Outsourcing (BPO) is the delegation of one or more business processes to an external provider that in turn owns administers and manages the selected process based on defined and measurable performance criteria. Few of the motivation factors as to why BPO is gaining ground are: ? Factor Cost Advantage ?Economy of Scale ?Business Risk Mitigation ?Superior Competency ?Utilization Improvement Generally outsourcing can be defined as An organization entering into a contract with another organization to operate and manage one or more of its business processes. Outsourcing the human resource (HR) processes is the latest practice being followed by middle and large sized organizations. It is being witnessed across all the industries. In India, the HR processes are being outsourced from nearly a decade now. Outsourcing industry is growing at a high rate. Human Resource Outsourcing refers to the process in which an organization uses the expert services of a third party (generally professional consultants) to take care of its HR functions while HR management can focus on the strategic dimension of their function. The functions that are typically outsourced are the functions that need expertise, relevant experience, knowledge and best methods and practices. This has given rise to outsourcing the various HR functions of an organization. Human resources business process outsourcing (HR BPO) is a major component of the worldwide BPO market. Area of Human resource for outsourcing: Recruitment Process Outsourcing (RPO) is a form of business process outsourcing (BPO) where an employer outsources or transfers all or part of its recruitment activities to an external service provider. To quote the Recruitment Process Outsourcing Association, Recruitment Process Outsourcing is when a provider acts as a companys internal recruitment function for a portion or all of its jobs. Many organizations have started outsourcing its recruitment process i. e. transferring all or some part of its recruitment process to an external consultant providing the recruitment services. The present value of the recruitment process outsourcing industry (RPO) in India is estimated to be $2. 5 billion and it is expected to grow at the annual rate of 30-40 per cent for the next couple of years. According to a recent survey, only 8-10 per cent of the Indian companies are complete recruitment processes. Outsourcing organizations strive for providing cost saving benefits to their clients. One of the major advantages to organizations, who outsource their recruitment process, is that it helps to save up to as much as 40 per cent of their recruitment costs. With the experience, expertise and the economies of scale of the third party, organizations are able to improve the quality of the recruits and the speed of the whole process. Also, outsourcing enables the human resource professionals of organizations to focus on the core and other HR and strategic issues. Outsourcing also gives a structured approach to the whole process of recruitment, with the ultimate power of decision making of recruiting with the organization itself. In India, the trend of outsourcing recruitment is also catching up fast. For example: Vodafone outsources its recruitment activities to Alexander Mann Solutions (RPO service provider). Wipro has outsourced its recruitment process to MeritTrac. Yes bank is also known to outsource 50 per cent of its recruitment processes. Advantage of Outsourcing Recruitment: Traditionally, recruitment is seen as the cost incurring process in an organization. HR outsourcing helps the HR professionals of the organisations to concentrate on the strategic functions and processes of human resource management rather than wasting their efforts, time and money on the routine work. Outsourcing the recruitment process helps to cut the recruitment costs to 20 % and also provide economies of scale to the large sized organizations. The major advantages of outsourcing performance management are: Process of recruitment outsourcing: STAGE 1 Define Objectives and Specifications Study of the clients Business Environment and work culture. Specifications from the client relating to the Job specification and description STAGE 2 Begin our comprehensive search Mine internal databases and use widespread network to reach the right candidate as per specifications. Screen and evaluate the candidates. Short list some candidate to give the client a liberty of choice. STAGE 3 Interviews and feedback. Act as a facilitator between client and candidate and help schedule interviews. Follow up with the candidate as well as the company. STAGE 4 Referral and Joining Conduct the reference checks for the selected candidates. Assisting the client in salary negotiation, if required Literature reviews: There are two schools of thought regarding the growth of an outsourcing market: (a) the market (buyers) drives demand for services, or (b) service providers create demand. As a result the narrow definition of RPO service offerings has expanded. It now includes points-of-service or on-demand types of product offerings. Rather than delivering the complete, entire recruitment process, points-of-service or on-demand product offerings are the delivery of specific components of the recruitment model such as candidate sourcing and/or candidate sourcing and candidate screening all the way through on-boarding and new-hire assimilation. Points-of-service and on-demand offerings also are offered on an event, or project-need, basis. Some drawbacks are also there in RPO market- †¢The economic climate has resulted in fewer larger RPO opportunities †¢The RPO market is going global, and there are only a few providers today that are capable of delivering a global RPO solution †¢There are too many RPO players, given the overall market size. (Kathleen Goolsby, 2008) Next in line after the Business Process Outsourcing (BPO) and Knowledge Process Outsourcing (KPO) boom, it is Recruitment Process Outsourcing (RPO) that is steadily gearing up for a new role. RPO- it aims at taking the burden out of the head-hunting business of the corporate sector, particularly at a time when the dearth of talents is estimated by half a million in the coming years, RPO comes with lots of prospects. New and varied opportunity like retailing etc. has opened fresh horizon for RPO to play a major role to bridge this gap between demand and supply. This will increase RPO service providers role in India. (Meghan Busse, 2008) Outsourced recruiting is changing the way employers think about finding good employees and the way employees think about their jobs and their employers. Indeed, the Internet may completely change the way companies manage human resources, says Peter Cappelli, a professor of management at the Wharton School. Recruitment plays a hugely important role in the success or failure of a business. Getting the right staff, with the right qualifications, in the right job is crucial to a company’s success. Recent research by the consulting firm Accenture found that attracting and retaining staff is now the top priority for chief executives. The RPO sector in India is currently at its infant stage. Our clients need higher quality with increased efficiency. For that reason, forecasting must be done in the market (Srinivas K, 2006) Parameters of Analysis: For this study the following parameters are taken into consideration: 1. Awareness level of job and organization’s goal 2. The degree of effectiveness in communicating the policies of the organization 3. Training and development needs 4. Cultural compatibility 5. Frequency of complains 6. Attrition rate 7. Performance of the employees 8. Job level 9. Effect of vendor management 10. Advantages of recruitment process outsourcing and in house recruitment. Data Analysis: Awareness level of job and organization’s goal In RPO candidates are always aware of their jobs and its alignment with organizations goal FrequencyPercentValid PercentCumulative Percent Validstrongly agree11. 91. 91. 9 agree611. 311. 313. 2 cant say35. 75. 718. 9 disagree2649. 149. 167. 9 strongly disagree1732. 132. 1100. 0 Total53100. 0100. 0 The above table shows that 26 respondents which is 49. 1% of the total are disagree that in recruitment process outsourcing candidates are always aware of their jobs and its alignment with organization’s goal and 17 respondents which is 32. % of total are strongly disagree with this, where as only 1 respondent is strongly agree and 6 are agree with this. Graphically we can represent as: Total 81. 2% respondents are disagreeing with the statement so we can conclude that in recruitment process outsourcing candidates are not always aware of their jobs and its alignment with organization’s goal. The degree of effectiveness in c ommunicating the policies of the organization: The organizations policies can be always effectively communicated by RPO providers FrequencyPercentValid PercentCumulative Percent Validstrongly agree35. 75. 5. 7 agree917. 017. 022. 6 cant say47. 57. 530. 2 disagree2547. 247. 277. 4 strongly disagree1222. 622. 6100. 0 Total53100. 0100. 0 The above table shows that 3 respondents are strongly agree that the organization’s policies can be effectively communicated by recruitment process outsourcing providers which is 5. 7% of the total and 17% (only 9 respondents) of the total respondents are agree with this. Whereas 25 respondents are disagree with the statement which is 47. 2% of the total and 12 respondent (22. 6% of the total) are strongly disagree with this. Graphically we can represent as: 9. 85 respondents are disagreeing and 22. 7% respondents are agreeing whereas only 4 respondents are not clear about their views. As 69. 85% respondents are disagree, we can say that recruit ment process outsourcing providers cannot always communicate the organization’s policies effectively to the candidates. Training and development needs: Training and development needs for the candidates recruited through outsourcing firms are generally high than that of in house recruitment FrequencyPercentValid PercentCumulative Percent Validstrongly agree1630. 230. 230. 2 agree2037. 737. 767. 9 ant say23. 83. 871. 7 disagree917. 017. 088. 7 strongly disagree611. 311. 3100. 0 Total53100. 0100. 0 The above table shows that 16 respondents which is 30. 2% of the total are strongly agree that training and development needs for the candidates recruited through outsourcing firms are generally high than that of in house recruitment and 20 respondents are agree with this which is 37. 7% of the total. 9 respondents said that they are disagree with this which is 17% and 6 said that they are strongly disagree which is 11. 3% of the total. 2 respondents are not clear about their views. Graphically we can represent as: 67. 9% respondents are agree and only 28. 3% are disagree with the statement so we can conclude that training and development needs are generally high for those candidate who are recruited through a outsourcing firm. Cultural compatibility: Candidates recruited through in house recruitment are more compatible to the organizations culture FrequencyPercentValid PercentCumulative Percent Validstrongly agree1630. 230. 230. 2 agree3158. 558. 588. 7 cant say23. 83. 892. 5 disagree35. 75. 798. 1 strongly disagree11. 91. 9100. 0 Total53100. 0100. 0 The above table shows that 31 respondents which is 58. 5% of total are agree that the candidates recruited through in house recruitment are more compatible to the organization’s culture and 16 respondents are strongly agree with this which is 30. 2% of the total. Only 3 respondents which is 5. 7% of the total are disagree with this and only 1 respondent is strongly disagree with the statement. Graphically we can represent as: Totally 88. 7% respondents are agreeing so we can conclude that candidates recruited through in house recruitment are more compatible to the organization’s culture. Frequency of complains: In most of the cases candidates recruited through outsourcing firms have more complains than that of in house recruitment FrequencyPercentValid PercentCumulative Percent Validstrongly agree1630. 230. 230. 2 agree3056. 656. 686. 8 cant say11. 91. 988. 7 disagree47. 57. 596. 2 strongly disagree23. 83. 8100. 0 Total53100. 0100. 0 The above table shows that 30 respondents which are 56. 6% of total are agree that in most of the cases candidates recruited through outsourcing firms have more complains than that of in house recruitment and 16 respondents are strongly agree with this which is 30. % of the total. Only 4 respondents which are 7. 5% of the total are disagree with this and only 2 respondents is strongly disagree with the statement. Graphically we can represent as: Totally86. 8% respondents are agreeing so we can conclude that in most of the cases candidates recruited through outsourcing firms have more complains than that of in house recruitment. Attrition Rate: According to you what is the attrition rate of the employees in recruitment process outsourcing FrequencyPercentValid PercentCumulative Percent Valid10%-30%1018. 918. 918. 9 30%-50%1426. 426. 445. 3 50%-80%2241. 541. 86. 8 above 80%713. 213. 2100. 0 Total53100. 0100. 0 According to the 18. 9% of the total respondents the attrition rate of the employees recruited through recruitment process outsourcing 10%-30%, 14 respondents which are 26. 4% of the total said that the attrition rate is 30%-50%, 41. 5% respondents (22 respondents) said 50%-80% and 13. 2% respondents said that it is above 80%. Graphically we can represent as: Here we see that most of the respondents are agreeing that that attrition rate is high in recruitment process outsourcing i. e. between 50%-80% or above 80%. Performance of the employees: The performance of the employees recruited through in house recruitment is always better than that of outsourcing firms FrequencyPercentValid PercentCumulative Percent Validstrongly agree1324. 524. 524. 5 agree3260. 460. 484. 9 cant say11. 91. 986. 8 disagree35. 75. 792. 5 strongly disagree47. 57. 5100. 0 Total53100. 0100. 0 The above table shows that 32 respondents which are 60. 4% of total are agree that the performance of the employees recruited through in house recruitment is always better than that of outsourcing firms and 13 respondents are strongly agree with this which is 24. 5% of the total. Only 3 respondents which are 5. 7% of the total are disagree with this and only 4 respondents is strongly disagree with the statement. Graphically we can represent as: Totally 84. 9% respondents are agreeing so we can conclude that the performance of the employees recruited through in house recruitment is always better than that of outsourcing firms. Job level: According to you recruitment process outsourcing is good for recruiting FrequencyPercentValid PercentCumulative Percent ValidTop level employees47. 57. 57. 5 middle level employees1732. 132. 139. 6 lower level employees3260. 460. 100. 0 Total53100. 0100. 0 The above table shows that according to 60. 4% respondents i. e. 32 respondents the recruitment process outsourcing is good for the lower level of employees. 17 respondents which are 32. 1% of the total said that it is good for middle level of employees and only 4 respondents which are 7. 5% of the total said that for top level of employees recruitment process outsourcing is good. Graphically we can represent as: Here we see that according to most of the respondents recruitment process outsourcing is good for lower level of employees. Effect of vendor management: Outsourcing recruitment can bear positive results only when there is a long term relationship and proper understanding of client needs by the vendor FrequencyPercentValid PercentCumulative Percent Validstrongly agree3464. 264. 264. 2 agree1324. 524. 588. 7 cant say23. 83. 892. 5 disagree35. 75. 798. 1 strongly disagree11. 91. 9100. 0 Total53100. 0100. 0 The above table shows that 34 respondents which are 64. 2% of total are strongly agree that outsourcing recruitment can bear positive results only when there is a long term relationship and proper understanding of client needs by the vendor and 13 respondents are agree with this which is 24. % of the total. Only 3 respondents which are 5. 7% of the total are disagree with this and only 1 respondent is strongly disagree with the statement. Graphically we can represent as: Totally88. 7% respondents are agreeing so we can conclude that outsourcing recruitment can bear positive results only when there is a long term relationship and prope r understanding of client needs by the vendor. Advantages of RPO: Advantage provided by Recruitment process outsourcing FrequencyPercentValid PercentCumulative Percent ValidTime saving1018. 918. 918. 9 Cost saving1324. 524. 543. 4 Focus on core process2445. 45. 388. 7 More responsible to Organizational needs11. 91. 990. 6 Resource availability59. 49. 4100. 0 Total53100. 0100. 0 The above table shows that the major advantages provided by recruitment process outsourcing are time saving (said by 18. 9% of respondents), cost saving (said by 24. 5% of respondents) and focus on core process (said by 45. 3% of respondents). Graphically we can represent as: Advantages of In House Recruitment: Advantage provided by In house recruitment FrequencyPercentValid PercentCumulative Percent ValidTime saving47. 57. 57. 5 Cost saving47. 57. 515. 1 Focus on core process11. 1. 917. 0 More responsible to Organizational needs3158. 558. 575. 5 Resource availability1324. 524. 5100. 0 Total53100. 0100. 0 The above table shows that the major advantages provided by in house recruitment are more responsible for organizational needs (said by 58. 5% of respondents) and resource availability (said by 24. 5% of respondents). Graphically we can represent as: Findings: After analyzing the data collected from the HR persons of different companies we can find certain loop holes and problems in the process of recruitment process outsourcing as compared to the in house recruitment. The findings of the present study are: †¢The awareness level of the job requirements and it’s alignment with organizational goal is more in In House recruitment as compared to the recruitment process outsourcing. HR person of companies own HR department can make a candidate more aware of the job offered and its importance towards organizational goal. †¢A HR person of the company’s own HR department can better communicate the policies of his company as compared to a outsourcing firm. When a candidate is recruited through outsourcing firm, there is more need of his training and development programs to make him fit for the organization and job as compared to the in house recruitment. The in house recruitment authority can better select a candidate who is right for the organization’s environment. †¢A candidate recruited through the in house recruitment authority can better recruit a employee compatible to the organization’s culture as he knows t he culture very well while a outsider recruitment authority is not as much aware of that. The candidates recruited through outsourcing firms have more complains as compared to those who are recruited through in house recruitment process. †¢The attrition rate is also more in recruitment process outsourcing as compared to the in house recruitment. From the previous findings of less cultural compatibility and high frequency of complains, we can better understand the reason behind high attrition rate. †¢The performance level of the employee recruited through in house recruitment is better than that of recruitment process outsourcing. The performance of a employee depends on how better he has understand his job requirements and how he feels in the organization’s environment. †¢From the data collected from the HR persons of different organizations we come to know that companies go more for recruitment process outsourcing to recruit employee of lower level as compared to middle and top level employees. †¢From the analysis of the data collected we find that if there is a good and long-term relationship between client and vendor the recruitment process outsourcing process can give positive results. The main need is to understand the clients’ needs by the vendors to make the recruitment process outsourcing process successful. †¢Although there are few loopholes in recruitment process outsourcing, the advantages like time and cost saving and more focus on the core process by the organizations make the recruitment process outsourcing a good trend in recruitment and a need for today’s competitive environment. †¢Also we find the advantages of in house recruitment like more responsible to organizational needs and resource availability. Recommendations: From the study and by analyzing the findings I can give some Recommendations to overcome the loopholes and problems faced in recruitment process outsourcing and make it as good as the in house recruitment process. The Recommendations are: †¢The outsourcing providers have to maintain a good relation with their clients in order to understand their needs more efficiently. A long term relationship between clients and outsourcing firms is must in order to select a best fitted candidate for the organization. †¢The organization should make themselves clear about the terms and condition, policies, job requirements and benefits for the particular job. The outsourcing firms should not give fake information to the candidates about job profile and benefits related to the job and only those candidates who are actually desired to take the job, should be hired. †¢The final round of the selection process should be taken by the in house recruitment authority. †¢The organization sh ould develop a work culture in which a new employee can get a good induction and also can get help from subordinates as well as the supervisors to adjust him/her self in the new environment. Conclusion Recruitment process outsourcing has some very good advantages which can give an organization a competitive edge. In this very competitive era an organization who is more focused on its core process, can have better results. Also in the time of recession there is an essentiality of saving cost. All these advantages are there in the recruitment process outsourcing. As it is said that every coin has two sides. Recruitment process outsourcing has also some cons with all these prons. But as discussed in the suggestion part there are some ways by which we can make recruitment process outsourcing more effective. These are the recommendation which must be followed by the organizations and recruitment agencies in order to recruit best fitted candidates. Bibliography https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recruitment https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Export http://www.naukrihub.com/recruitment/recruitment-process.html

Independence as Nations, comparing hati, america, and france essays

Independence as Nations, comparing hati, america, and france essays Although Haiti, America, and France begin their independence around the same time era, their ways of receiving their independence was very much identical. Social classes have a huge impact on the status of a country. The way that these social classes influenced these countries were the direct cause of their independence. The people and the ideas of those people would cause a spark of events leading to an independent country. Well, if independence is the question then it is necessary to focus on what had been happening in the colonial period in the Americas, Haiti, and France. With the development of the European colonies, there were also new systems of government. Although the colonies belonged to the European countries, the leaders who actually governed the region were located in the New World, far away from Europe. As such, little by little the leaders of colonial America realized that they had different interests from those who established the rules for the region. In the case of Latin America, there was also the issue of different social groups: the peninsulares (those born in Spain or Portugal) traditionally had maintained political control in the region, but the growth of the criollo (those of European blood but born in the Americas) and the mestizo (those born of mixed European and Indian blood) populations represented a reasonable test to this power.. After three centuries, independence movements began to spread throughout the region at the end of the 18th century, from Virginia to Argentina. Beginning with the American Revolution in 1776, the ideas of freedom, equality, and independence were transformed into armed struggles against the powers of Great Britain, Spain, France, and Portugal. In each region, there were revolutionary leaders who stood out: Thomas Paine, Thomas Jefferson, and George Washington (in the U.S.), Simn Bolivar and Jos de San Martin (South America), Miguel Hidalgo and Jos Mo...

Philip Webb, About the Architect of Arts Crafts

Philip Webb, About the Architect of Arts Crafts Philip Speakman Webb (born January 12, 1831 in Oxford, England) is often called the father of the Arts Crafts Movement, along with his friend William Morris  (1834-1896). Famous for his comfortable, unpretentious country homes, Philip Webb also designed furniture, wallpaper, tapestries, and stained glass. As an architect, Webb is best-known for his unconventional country manor homes and urban terraced houses (townhouses or row houses). He embraced the vernacular, choosing the comfortable, traditional, and functional instead of conforming to the ornate Victorian ornamentation of the day. His homes expressed traditional English building methods- red brick, sash windows, dormers, gables, steep-sloped roofs, and tall Tudor-like chimneys. He was a pioneering figure in the English Domestic Revival Movement, a Victorian residential movement of grand simplicity. Although influenced by medieval styles and the Gothic Revival movement, Webbs highly original, yet practical designs became the germ of modernism. Webb grew up in Oxford, England, at a time when buildings were being remodeled with the latest machine-made materials instead of being restored and preserved with original materials- a childhood experience that would influence the direction of his lifes work. He studied at Aynho in Northamptonshire and trained under John Billing, an architect in Reading, Berkshire, who specialized in traditional building repairs. He became a junior assistant for the office of George Edmund Street, working on churches in Oxford and becoming close friends with William Morris (1819-1900), who also was working for G. E. Street. As young men, Philip Webb and William Morris became associated with the Pre-Raphaelite Movement, a brotherhood of painters and poets who defied the artistic trends of the day and championed the philosophies of social critic John Ruskin (1819-1900). By the mid-19th century, the anti-establishment themes expressed by John Ruskin were taking hold across Britains intelligentsia. The societal ills resulting from Britains Industrial Revolution inspired the backlash, expressed by the likes of author Charles Dickens and architect Philip Webb. Arts and Crafts was a movement first and not simply an architectural style- the Arts and Crafts Movement was a reaction to the mechanization and dehumanization of the Industrial Revolution. Web was among the founders of Morris, Marshall, Faulkner Company, a decorative arts hand-crafting studio founded in 1851. What became Morris Co., the anti-machine-age supplier specialized in handmade stained glass, carving, furniture, wallpaper, carpets, and tapestries. Webb and Morris also founded the Society for the Protection of Ancient Buildings (SPAB) in 1877. While associated with Morris company, Webb designed household furnishings and, no doubt, contributed to the evolution of what became known as the Morris Chair. Webb is particularly famous for his table glassware, stained glass, jewelry, and his rustic carvings and adaptations of Stuart period furniture. His interior decorative accessories in metal, glass, wood and embroidery are still found in the residences he built- the Red House has hand-painted glass by Webb. About the Red House: Webbs first architectural commission was the Red House, William Morriss eclectic country home in Bexleyheath, Kent. Built with and for Morris between 1859 and 1860, the Red House has been called the first step toward the modern house- architect John Milnes Baker has quoted German architect Hermann Muthesius as calling the Red House the very first example in the history of the modern house. Webb and Morris designed an interior and exterior that was unified in theory and design.  Incorporating contrasting materials such as white interior walls and bare brickwork, natural and traditional design and construction were modern (and ancient) ways to create the harmonious home. Many photos of the house are from the backyard, with the homes L-shaped design wrapping around a cone-roofed well and natures own garden. The front is on the short side of the L, accessed from the backyard by walking through the rear red brick arch, down a corridor, and to the front hallway near the square stairs in the crook of the L. Webb defied using one architectural style- is it Tudor? Gothic Revival?- and combined traditional building elements to create a simplified, livable space, inside and out. Architectural ownership of both interior and exterior space would in time influence the American architect Frank Lloyd Wright (1867-1959) and what became known as the American Prairie Style. Built-in furniture and hand-crafted, custom-made furnishings became hallmarks of British Arts Crafts, American Craftsman, and Prairie Style homes. Webbs Influence on Domestic Architecture: After the Red House, Webbs most notable designs of the 1870s include No. 1 Palace Green and No. 19 Lincolns Inn Fields in London, Smeaton Manor in North Yorkshire, and Joldwynds in Surrey. Webb was the only Pre-Raphaelite to design a church, St. Martins Church in Brampton, 1878. The church includes a set of stained glass windows designed by Edward Burne-Jones and executed in the Morris companys studios. The Arts Crafts movement in the United Kingdom had a great influence on American Craftsman architecture as well as furniture makers such as Gustav Stickley (1858-1942) in the United States. Stickleys Craftsman Farms in New Jersey is considered the best example of original architecture from the American Craftsman movement. One look at Webbs Coneyhurst on the Hill, built in 1886 in Surrey, reminds us of Americas Shingle style homes- the simplicity of domesticity had become gentrified; the grandness contrasts with the small cottages inhabited by the working class. The Clouds House in Wiltshire, finished by Webb that same year, 1886, would not be out of place as a summer cottage in Newport, Rhode Island. In West Sussex, England,  Standen House with Morris Co. interiors could have been another Stanford White design like Naumkeag, an American Shingle Style summer home in the hills of Massachusetts. The name of Philip Webb may not be well-known, yet Webb is considered one of Britains most important architects. His residential designs influenced domestic architecture on at least two continents- in the US and Britain. Philip Webb died April 17, 1915 in Sussex, England. Learn More: John Ruskin, Todays 19th Century CriticTextiles of the Arts and Crafts MovementPhilip Webb: Pioneer of Arts Crafts Architecture by Sheila Kirk, 2005Arts and Crafts Architecture: History and Heritage in New England by Maureen Meister, 2014Clouds: Biography of a Country House by Caroline Dakers, Yale University Press, 1993 Source: American House Styles by John Milnes Baker, Norton, 1994, p. 70

Jazz Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Jazz - Essay Example In 1944 Davis was privy to observe the performance of a band comprised of jazz great, Charlie Parker and Dizzy Gillespie. These two were creators of the then new bebop style of jazz known for its ‘fast’ and ‘dynamic rhythm variations’ (all.about.jazz 2009). Interestingly, Davis style was in direct contrast to this fast pace it was considered to be cool. It was so cool that his first recording which was initiated by him was called ‘Birth of the Cool’. This album would later be abducted to the Grammy Hall of Fame. In an attempt to emulate Parker and Gillespie Davis began a program of study in the Institute of Musical Art in New York City now known as Julliard in 1944. However, by 1945 he was requested to be a guest player at one of Parker’s show and so ended his study at Julliard’s. He became a full-time jazz musician. For the next three years Davis joined bands of the like of Benny Carter, Eckstine and Parker. During these years he made several recordings as a sideman. In 1948 Davis established his own band and eventually signed with Capitol Records. Subsequent to his signing with Capitol for several years Davis’ success was hindered by his use of heroin. Fortunately Davis was able to overcome this drug addiction and landed a contract with Columbia Records. Following his heroin years Davis went on to gain nine Grammy Awards and several other Grammy Nominations. One of his most famous recordings was in 1959 ‘Kind of Blue’ which sold more than ‘two million copies, a phenomenal success for a jazz record’ (all.about.jazz 2009). With albums like ‘Someday My Prince Will Come’, ‘Quiet Nights’, ‘Miles Davis in Europe’ and ‘Bitches Brew’ to name a few earned Davis these awards. His final Grammy in 1993 was a Grammy Award for Best Large Jazz Ensemble Performance for Miles and Quincy Live at Monteux. Clearly, Miles Davis was a legend in his own right. He created a new form of jazz which

LAW OF EQUITY & TRUSTS Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

LAW OF EQUITY & TRUSTS - Essay Example The legal and equitable estates had not been divided prior to the making of the security agreement.† 2 This qualifies the applicability of the requirement established in the law. Moreover it has been contended that The underlying policy was to :- a. prevent fraud by prohibiting oral hidden transfers of equitable interests under trusts and b. assist trustees by enabling them to identify the whereabouts of the equitable interest subsisting under a trust. 3 This indicates that even civil interactions among citizens state policy is to prevent prejudice, injury and fraud. That is made manifest by the measures embodied in law. It is the policy of the state that even in private transaction rights of citizens is upheld and propensity for the travesty against rights is extensively limited. Lord Radcliffe in Grey v Inland Revenue Commissioners [1960] AC 1 did suggest that ‘there is warrant for saying that a direction to his trustee by the equitable owner of trust property prescribing new trusts of that property was a declaration of trust’, but even if that were the case, his Lordship observed that the direction might nevertheless be a disposition falling within s. 53(1)(c) (and thus in need of written form) if ‘the effect of it was to determine completely or pro tanto the subsisting equitable interest of the maker of the direction’.4 This implies that as the controlling doctrine provides that the meaning of the provision is clear. Written proof is necessary to establish a transfer of equitable interest. Moreover, this is the case, even if there already is a relationship wherein the transfer has been had. Absence of written proof or documentation to this effect shall be construed as the absence of a valid and legal transfer. As to whether the direction to the bank had been void for lack of written formality, the House of Lords held that s. 53(1)(c) only applied to cases where the equitable interest in

Behavior Problem Essay Example for Free

Behavior Problem Essay The management of disruptive behavior problems is a familiar concern for many schools. Student’s behavior problems are challenging at all levels in school in recent years, behavior difficulties in school have increased, teachers seem to be unprepared to deal with these problem. According to C. E. C. P (1998) â€Å"Difficult student misbehaviors, reported by teacher include violation of classroom rules, being truant from school, blaming others for problems, irresponsible behavior, and destruction of property. p. 21) Given the seriousness of these behaviors, teacher are spending disproportionately more time on behavior problems that take away from instructions, compromising learning for both the student with the behavior difficulties and rest of the classroom. Therefore, teachers need to formulate a plan to help students with their behavioral problems so that the learning and teaching process happens actively and smoothly. 2. 0 Behavior Problems 2. 1 Definition of behavior, problem, and behavior problem. Behavior Behavior defines as the manner in which one behaves / The actions or reactions of a person or animal in response to external or internal stimuli. One of these actions or reactions: a hormone . . . known to directly control sex-specific reproductive and parenting behaviors in a wide variety of vertebrates (Thomas Maugh II). (Cited from American Heritage Dictionary) Problem Problem defines as any question or matter involving doubt, uncertainty, or difficulty/ a question proposed for solution or discussion / difficult to train or guide. cited from dictionary. com) Behavior Problem So basically behavior problems have both of the elements of behavior and problem. Which defines as a n action or reaction of a person to external or internal stimuli which involves qoubt, uncertainty or difficulty. 2. 2 Types of behavioral problems. There are 11 most common types of behavioral problem that a teacher might encounter in schools. (KidsBehavior (UK). mht). They are; a)Aggressive Outburst b)Biting peers or objects c)Pulling peers hair d)Banging their head )Hitting their peers f)Pinching their peers g)Always being absent to class h)Using violence in classroom i)Lying/ blaming others j)Usage of vulgar/abusive words k)Stealing Not only behavior problems distract the attention in a classroom but also behavior disorder. Behavior disorder is a much more severe problem than behavior problems. This is because behavior disorders are hardwired in the students system. There are many types of behavior disorders and among them are a) autism, b) post-traumatic stress disorder and many more. Unfortunately, a teacher would not be able to help these types of children because this type of children needs special attention. Therefore, if a teacher recognizes any kind of behavioral disorder in a child, the teacher should inform to his/her parents as soon as possible. As concerning with behavioral problems, there are number of methods/strategies techniques available to cure them. Teachers should know these methods/strategies/techniques in order to help the students to mend their behavior problem and to help the school from facing displin problems. The term for this methods/strategies/techniques is Behavior Modification 3. 0 Overcoming Behavior Problems with Behavior Management and Behavior Modification 3. 1 Definition of Behavior Management and Behavior Modification. Behavior management skills are particularly of importance to teachers in the educational system. Behavior management is all of the actions and conscious inactions to enhance the probability people, individually and in groups, choose behaviors, which are personally fulfilling, productive, and socially acceptable. Behavior modification is the use of empirically demonstrated behavior change techniques to improve behavior, such as altering an individuals behaviors and reactions to stimuli through positive and negative reinforcement of adaptive behavior and/or the reduction of maladaptive behavior through positive and negative punishment. 3. 2 Behavior Management 1) Behavior management is applied at the group level by a classroom teacher as a form of behavioral engineering to produce high rates of student work completion and minimize classroom disruption. ) â€Å"Contemporary behavior modification approaches involve students more actively in planning and shaping their own behavior through participation in the negotiation of contracts with their teachers and through exposure to training designed to help them to monitor and evaluate their behavior more actively, to learn techniques of self-control and problem solving, and to set goals and reinforce themselves for meeting these goals. – (Br ophy (1986)) ) The most common practices of this behavior management rely on the use of applied behavior analysis principles such as positive reinforcement and mild punishments 4) This principle follows the Operant Conditioning system by B. F. Skinner, which is to describe the effects of the consequences of a particular behavior on the future occurrence of that behavior. There are four types of Operant Conditioning: Positive Reinforcement, Negative Reinforcement, Punishment, and Extinction. Both Positive and Negative Reinforcement strengthen behavior while both Punishment and Extinction weakens behavior. ) Examples of situation whereby the teacher uses the two main types of operant conditioning. 3. 2. 1 Positive Reinforcement Definition: Is an attempt to increase the likelihood of a behavior occurring in the future, an operant response is followed by the presentation of an appetitive stimulus. Example of situation in a classroom on how to use positive reinforcement. A teacher who uses positive rein forcement will constantly and consistently praised the students, ignored small infractions and was encouraging no matter what answer the students get. Once one student was totally off track with his answer and the teachers response was no, but you are thinking and that is what I enjoy seeing you think, listen to others and try again. Every minute or two the teacher was saying something positive. 3. 2. 2 Negative Reinforcement Definition: Negative reinforcement occurs when a behavior is reinforced by removal of a stimulus. The word negative does not mean unpleasant. It means a stimulus is removed or subtracted from the situation as a form of reinforcement Example of situation in a classroom on how to use negative reinforcement. Suppose your teacher said you could skip the final exam by studying an extra chapter and taking a quiz on it. You might study an extra chapter (your studying behavior would be made more frequent) because of the promise of an unpleasant stimulus, being removed (no final exam) Another example: If a student is trying to be the centre of the limelight by disrupting the classroom the teacher can use the avoidance strategy or punishment strategy as a negative reinforcement to the student. 3. 3 Behavior Modification The principles of using behavior modification are: ) To develop a new behavior b) To strengthen a new behavior , c) To maintain an established behavior, d) To stop inappropriate behavior, and finally e) To modify emotional behavior. (Adapted from: Krumboltz, J. , Krumboltz, H. (1972). Changing childrens behavior. New York: Prentice-Hall. )   There are 3 main principles to develop a new behavior which are i. Successive Approximation Principle: ( To teach a child to act in a ma nner in which he has seldom or never before behaved, reward successive steps to the inal behavior. ) ii. Continuous Reinforcement Principle: (To develop a new behavior that the child has not previously exhibited, arrange for an immediate reward after each correct performed it incorrectly. iii. Discrimination Principle: (To teach a child to act in a particular way under one set of circumstances but not in another, help him to identify the cues that differentiate the circumstances and reward him only when his action is appropriate to the cue. ) B : To strengthen a new behavior There are 2 main principle in strengthening a new behavior. i. Decreasing Reinforcement Principle: (To encourage a child to continue performing an established behavior with few or no rewards, gradually require a longer time period or more correct responses before a correct behavior is rewarded. ) ii. Variable Reinforcement Principle: (To improve or increase a childs performance of a certain activity, provide the child with an intermittent reward. ) C :To maintain an established behavior There is 1main principle in estbablishing a new behavior . Substitution Principle: (To change reinforcers when a previously effective reward is no longer controlling behavior, present it just before (or as soon as possible to) the time you present the new, hopefully more effective reward. ) D :To stop inappropriate behavior There is 3 main principle to stop inappropriate behavior i. Satiation Principle: (To stop a child from acting in a particular way, you may allow him to continue (or insist that he continue) performing the undesired act until he tires of it. ) ii. Extinction Principle: (To stop a child from acting in a particular way, you may arrange conditions so that he receives no rewards following the undesired act. ) iii. Punishment Principle: (To stop a child from acting in a certain way, deliver an aversive stimuli immediately after the action occurs. Since punishment results in increased hostility and aggression, it should only be used infrequently and in conjunction with reinforcement. ) E : To modify emotional behavior There is 2 main principle to modify emotional behavior ) Avoidance Principle: ( To teach a child to avoid a certain type of situation, simultaneously present to the child the situation to be avoided (or some representation of it) and some aversive conditon (or its representation) ii) Fear Reduction Principle: (To help a child overcome his fear of a particular situation, gradually increase his exposure to the feared situation while he is otherwise comfortable, relaxed, secure or rewarded. ) CONCLUSION The effective use of behavioral and cognitive strategies in the classroom may appear daunting even to experienced teachers. However, changing your behavior and strategies is often the most efficient and effective means of improving all types of classroom behaviors Through practice comes proficiency. The building block of emotions and behavior likely contains the largest and most diverse set of problems encountered in the classroom. By first understanding these problems and seeing the world through the eyes of your students, and, then developing and using a set of i strategies on a regular basis, problems of emotions and behavior can be effectively managed and changed in the classroom and also behavior problems can be mended.

odysseus: an epic hero Essay -- essays research papers fc

Is Odysseus An Epic Hero?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Is Odysseus, the main character of Homer’s The Odyssey, really an epic hero? An epic hero embodies several heroic traits such as; having superior or super-human strength; being intellectual and courageous; and being a strong and responsible leader. An epic hero struggles and is overwhelmed with difficulties. An epic hero is on a quest of self discovery, war or some sort of goal. In the Odyssey, Odysseus is on a quest to return home to Ithaca after ten years of war in Troy. Odysseus, during his quest, is forced to venture through a merciless Cyclops, angered Gods, deeply obstinate Goddesses, the underworld, and determined suitors that are after his wife Penelope. Odysseus surmounts over these obstacles and returns home safely with courage, intelligence, superior strength, brave leadership, and also performs brave deeds.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In his quest, Odysseus uses his superior and super human strength to overcome the suitors. In The Odyssey, Penelope holds a contest for all the suitors. She declares that she will marry the one who can string and shoot Odysseus’s bow through all the twelve axes. None of the suitors were able to bend the bow and string it. Odysseus disguised as a beggar then asks if he can try the bow. â€Å"Meantime wise Odysseus, when he handled the great bow and scanned it closely, — even as one well-skilled to play the lyre and sing stretches with ease round its new peg a string, securing at each end the twisted sheep-gut; so without effort did Odysseus string the mighty bow. Holding it now with his right hand, he tried its cord; and clear to the touch it sang, voiced like the swallow†¦. Then laying the arrow on the arch, he drew the string and arrow notches, and forth from the bench on which he sat let fly the shaft, with careful aim, and did not miss an ax e’s ring from first to last, but clean through all sped on the bronze-tipped arrow† (Homer 210-211). Odysseus used his superior strength to bend his bow for he was the only one who was able to bend it and string it.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In his quest, Odysseus uses his superior intellect to outsmart Polyphemus, the Cyclops. Odysseus and his men arrive on the land of the Cyclops. Odysseus then chooses his twelve best men and travel through the mainland and come across a cave. Odysseus and his men make themselves at ... ... here, could have left his men under the influence and sailed off but instead he dragged all by forced and brought them to order.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Everything Odysseus did wasn’t a quality of an epic hero. For example, Odysseus raided the Ismarus, the city of the Cicones. Odysseus and his men took all the treasures and woman. Odysseus also was dissolute to Penelope. Odysseus was with Circe for one year and with Calypso for seven years. This makes Odysseus seem less of an epic hero, but if you consider the other facts about him you should think otherwise. Odysseus was superior in strength for being the only person to be able to bend and string his bow. Odysseus was intelligent and courageous by standing up to Polyphemus. Odysseus was a responsible and strong leader by forcing his men under the influence to get on the ship and continue their journey home. Therefore, I can conclude that Odysseus is truly an epic hero. Odysseus had many difficulties throughout his journey, but he strived to continue despite his many encounters with gods, goddesses, Cyclops, and suitors. Works Cited Homer. The Odyssey. Minneola, New York: Dover Publications, Inc., 1999.

Stats Study Sheet

1. Assume 20% of all email is spam. A large Internet provider plans on conducting a survey of 900 emails to see what percentage are spam. a. What is the probability they will get a proportion greater than 0. 1836? b. If they get a sample proportion over 24% they are going to shut down their email server. What is the probability this will happen? 2. A survey is done to estimate the proportion of U. S. adults who think that cell phone use while driving should be illegal. In the survey, 54% of a randomly selected sample of 1025 individuals said that cell phone use while driving should be illegal. a.What is the 90% confidence interval for the proportion of adults who think cell phone use should be illegal? 1. A sample of college students was asked whether they would return the money if they found a wallet on the street. Of the 93 women, 84 said â€Å"yes,† and of the 75 men, 53 said â€Å"yes. † Assume that these students represent all college students (Data source is from UC Davis and can be found in the textbook). a. Is there enough data to calculate a confidence interval for the women? 2. A sample of college students was asked whether they would return the money if they found a wallet on the street.Of the 93 women, 84 said â€Å"yes,† and of the 75 men, 53 said â€Å"yes. † Assume that these students represent all college students (Data source is from UC Davis and can be found in the textbook). b. Is there enough data to calculate a confidence interval for the women? 3. A CNN/Time poll conducted in the United States October 23-24, 2002, (http://www. pollingreport. com) asked, â€Å"Do you favor or oppose the legalization of marijuana? † In the nationwide poll of n = 1007 adults, 34% said that they favored legalization. a.Find the margin of error for a 96% confidence interval. 3. A medical researcher wants to study whether oral contraceptives are correlated with high blood pressure. A sample of 500 women using oral contraceptive s showed 15% had high blood pressure A sample of 400 women not using oral contraceptives showed 10% had high blood pressure. a. What is the 92% confidence interval for the difference in the two proportions? (using – not using) 4. A medical researcher wants to study whether oral contraceptives are correlated with high blood pressure.A sample of 500 women using oral contraceptives showed 15% had high blood pressure A sample of 400 women not using oral contraceptives showed 10% had high blood pressure. b. What is the 92% confidence interval for the difference in the two proportions? (using – not using) b. If the magazine had wanted to get a margin of error of only 1%, at least how many adults should they have interviewed? 1. University of Wyoming policy states that you should spend 6 hours a week on homework. To find out how close our class is we randomly sample 100 students from class and ask, â€Å"How many hours do you spend on homework each week? The mean for the 100 responses is 3. 6 hours with a standard deviation of 0. 7 hours (sample statistic). Find a 95% confidence interval for the true average. * We use 80 degrees of freedom, because (1) t-table does not have t-values for 99 degrees of freedom and also because using 100 degrees of freedom is too liberal. The reason is that we can never say we have more data than you really do; OK to say you have less. * We use t-table and not z-table because our standard deviation has been computed from sample values. 7.The center for disease control wants to know the average life span of an ebola virus. Studies of similar types of viruses suggest the standard deviation will be 2. 55 days (population parameter: use z-table), but they want a 99% confidence interval for the true average lifespan, and they want that confidence interval to have a width of 0. 5 days. How many ebola viruses do they need to sample? †¢We can use z-table instead of t-table because the standard deviation comes from the popula tion.  ¬ †¢We can use z-table instead of t-table because the standard deviation comes from the population. 7.The center for disease control wants to know the average life span of an ebola virus. Studies of similar types of viruses suggest the standard deviation will be 2. 55 days (population parameter: use z-table), but they want a 99% confidence interval for the true average lifespan, and they want that confidence interval to have a width of 0. 5 days. How many ebola viruses do they need to sample? †¢We can use z-table instead of t-table because the standard deviation comes from the population.  ¬ †¢We can use z-table instead of t-table because the standard deviation comes from the population. 9.Example 11. 12 (p. 428) studies hangover symptoms in college students (Slutske et al. , 2003). The students answered questions about alcohol use and hangovers, including a count of how many out of a list of 13 possible hangover symptoms that they had experienced in the pa st year. For the 470 men, the mean number of symptoms was 5. 3; for the 755 women, it was 5. 1. The standard deviation was 3. 4 for each of the two samples. a. Find a 95% confidence interval for the difference in population means. 9. Example 11. 12 (p. 428) studies hangover symptoms in college students (Slutske et al. 2003). The students answered questions about alcohol use and hangovers, including a count of how many out of a list of 13 possible hangover symptoms that they had experienced in the past year. For the 470 men, the mean number of symptoms was 5. 3; for the 755 women, it was 5. 1. The standard deviation was 3. 4 for each of the two samples. a. Find a 95% confidence interval for the difference in population means. 3. In each part, use the information given to calculate the margin of error. a. A sample of n = 81 women has standard deviation 2. 7 inches. Confidence90%

Hobbes’ And Locke’s Political Philosophy Essay

On Hobbes’ Political Philosophy Hobbes’ scientistic philosophy presupposed that man is the self-sufficient interpreter of the facts of life and that man can correctly define what the facts of life are. Similar to the Sophists, Hobbes asserted that the knowable facts of life are only particular empirical things. Thus, Hobbes asserted that universal words, such as good and evil, are incomprehensible to man in the objective sense as rooted in reality. Because they are non-empirical and universal, they are mere names. Like the Sophists, Hobbes was also a nominalist. Moreover, Hobbes asserted that metaphysical essences and metaphysical forms do not exist. God’s attributes are merely names that man thinks would honor Him. Thus, like the Sophists, there is no natural hierarchy tied to the essences or purposes of things, but only a realm of natural causes. For Hobbes, man existed individually in a state of nature before civil government was formed. He asserted that human equality is based upon an empirical condition, namely power. Man in the state of nature was obligated only to seek Peace by self-preservation. Hobbes embraced a negative theory of freedom. There was really no law in the state of nature because the obligation to seek peace was not declared from a higher power; no one had a Bible in the state of nature to proclaim to him the will of almighty God. As one who believed in God’s existence, Hobbes’ scientistic epistemology and ontology forced him to embrace theological voluntarism. Ultimately, morals are grounded in the arbitrary will of God rather than His character. Hobbes postulated that the superior will and power are the only legitimate grounds of law.[1] In terms of what is good and evil, just and unjust, the natural man in a state of nature did whatever he reasonably thought was right in his own eyes to preserve his life. If killing another person was deemed necessary to preserve his life, then it was good and just in the sense that it preserved the peace. Thus, because good and evil, just and unjust are mere names whose meanings no one can agree on, the state of nature is a state of war, every man against every man. And because man naturally avoids the risk of harm, he arms himself to preserve the peace.[2] For Hobbes, only civil society has a supreme sovereign to give the citizens the standard they so desperately need to judge between good and evil, virtue and vice. For Hobbes, good and evil are not objective ideas rooted in reality that man can conceive and understand with his own mind. Therein is the fountain from which springs forth the conflict of individual man in a state of nature. Man, as a risk avoider, contracts with his fellow man to leave the state of nature and create an artificial civil society in which a third party will act as the supreme power. Hobbes pointed, the will of the parties in their social contract create their duties to each other and to the third party. The third party, the king, must define for the society what is good and evil, just and unjust so that the natural war of all against all will cease. The king, however, is not a party to the contract. The king has no contractual duty to the citizens, but only a natural duty to God to seek peace. The king seeks peace by deterring evildoers (the king defines who is evil) by wielding the sword and restricting free speech. Thus, any punishment meted out by the government is for the purpose of deterring wrongdoing, not retribution. That is, the â€Å"evildoer† is neither punished because he necessarily deserves it nor punished proportionally to his just desert, but because the punishment is an example to others how seriously the king takes his duty to preserve the peace. Thus, logically, the king could â€Å"rightly† punish an innocent citizen. The only inalienable right the citizens have is the natural right to preserve their life. Thus, they contracted to obey the king; they did not contract not to resist the king when being punished. In the state of nature, no man is obligated to heed another person’s opinion or power. Every person has a right to all things, to define what is good and what is evil, even to kill a person if one does not trust him. For Hobbes, the primary means of achieving peace is by creating an â€Å"artificial† society through individual covenantal relationships (Ibid, 66). In De Cive, Hobbes defined a contract as â€Å"the act of two, or more, mutually conveying their rights† and a covenant as that which involves promises that bind one to perform in the future (Ibid, 35-36). Hobbes’ political theory involves more of a social covenant idea than a social contract. But he does tend to use the two terms interchangeably, as is evidenced below, perhaps signifying both that rights are given up and that one is bound to perform in the future with the creation of civil society out of the state of nature.[3] Most assuredly, Hobbes’ political philosophy is a recipe for a tyrannical and oppressive government Similar to the Sophists, Hobbes’ scientistic philosophy supports the argument that any philosophy that has scientific presuppositions and begins with physical particulars produces a negative view of freedom, a simple view of human equality based upon power, authority that is equated with mere power and sanction, a deterrence theory of punishment, a natural law that can only be known in selfish generalities, natural rights that are grounded in man’s self-interests, nominalism, and theological voluntarism. In addition, because the social contract or covenant is made with each other and not with the sovereign, the sovereign has no obligation to the people that arises from the social contract. The only obligation the absolute sovereign king has is to God. In Leviathan, Hobbes discusses why a king with such absolute power â€Å"will not take all, spoil all, kill all†. Hobbes states: â€Å"[T]hough by right, that is, without injury to them, he may do it, yet can he not do it justly, that is, without breach of the natural laws, and injury against God. And therefore there is some security for subjects in the oaths which princes take†.[4] Hobbes seems to say that the king would not be seeking peace, the one obligation of the natural law, if he sought to â€Å"take all, spoil all, and kill all†. But if the king does abuse his power, the citizens have an inalienable right to resist death. For Hobbes, the citizens contracted or covenanted away their natural right to all things, but one: the preservation of life. According to Hobbes, that is the one inalienable right that men have. In essence, men contract or covenant with each other that the king may kill them if they do not perform their contractual duty, not that they will not resist when then king attempts to kill them. Although the king can â€Å"sin †¦ against God,† in no situation â€Å"is the right taken away from him, of slaying those who shall refuse to obey him†.[5] Moreover, the king has the right â€Å"to judge what opinions and doctrines are enemies unto peace, and also that he forbid them to be taught†.[6] Hence, it is the sole purpose of having a civic government. On Locke’s Political Philosophy The state of nature refers to the natural pre-political state of man. Except for the fact that Locke believed man naturally is a social person in a family, he agreed with Hobbes that man is not naturally a social being. Similar to Hobbes, civil society is not natural, but artificial. In a state of nature, man was free within the bounds of the natural law and was equal in power in relation to everyone else to act as judge in his own case and controversy with anyone else. The natural law obligates man to preserve himself: to do no harm, and to preserve the community in the absence of competition.[7] Similar to Hobbes, Locke equated human equality with power. Although Locke believed in a positive view of freedom whereby man is free only within law, Locke failed to show that man could know the specifics of the natural law code and thus, he failed to show that man really possessed a positive freedom in the state of nature. Do no harm does not provide much moral guidance. In reality, like Hobbes, for Locke man possessed a negative freedom. Locke stated â€Å"state all men are naturally in†¦ is a state of perfect freedom to order their actions, and dispose of their possessions, and persons as they think fit, within the bounds of the law of nature, without asking leave, or depending upon the will of any other man. A state also of equality, wherein all the power and jurisdiction is reciprocal, no one having more than another†.[8] Similar to the Sophists and Hobbes, Locke believed man began his existence in a state of nature. For Locke, the state of nature is divided into two historical stages. In the first stage, man had a natural property right over his own body. Everything else was naturally held in common. When a man labored over something that was held in common, he acquired property in it. Moreover, man had a natural right of subsistence, which was regulated by spoilage. In other words, what man possessed as property by mixing his labor with it was limited by what he could consume before spoiling. The second stage of the state of nature was initiated in by the invention and use of money. With the invention of money, man could enlarge his possessions way beyond what he could consume before spoiling. Money does not spoil. Although the use of money produced the unequal division of the earth, overall, Locke argues everyone is better off: For Locke, mankind socially compacted to form civil society for several reasons: first, some in the state of nature were ignorant of the law of nature, second some were biased by the amount of property they had, third, there was no impartial judge to resolve disputes, and fourth, there was no third power to execute the law of nature. Underlying all of these reasons to form civil society is, similar to the Sophists and Hobbes, man’s self-interested passion to preserve himself. Because not one theoretical or practical principle is written on man’s heart, the natural law is not written on man’s heart. Because the natural law can be known only from a lawmaker, those who are ignorant of God’s existence because they fail to apply their reason are ignorant of the natural law. For those who do apply their reason and come to know of God’s existence and the natural law, Locke claimed that they could know the natural law code as they could know the specifics of mathematics. But Locke never came close to showing that the specific moral code is capable of mathematical demonstration. Locke extremely overestimated how much moral knowledge his empiricist epistemology could deliver. Locke’s empiricist epistemology could not demonstrate in detail what was good or evil, just or unjust For Locke, man’s conscience is nothing other than his own opinion of what is right and wrong. Thus, similar to the Sophists and Hobbes, Locke was essentially a skeptic. God’s natural law governs his creatures. Although Locke wrote of God’s right and authority to rule over his creatures, Locke never justifies his assertion. Locke never demonstrated that God was anything except the most powerful being that could compel obedience through rewards and punishments. Locke’s empiricist epistemology does not allow him to draw the distinction between authority and mere power. Thus, like Hobbes, punishment for Locke was merely deterrence. Moreover, because Locke was so consumed with, and analyzed so thoroughly, the empiricist epistemology of natural law, Locke demonstrates clearer than Hobbes that scientism coupled with a belief in God leads to nothing but theological voluntarism, i.e., the law is ultimately grounded in God’s almighty will, not His unchanging character, such that God can will anything to be moral. Thus, whoever embraces an empiricist epistemology and at the same time, acknowledges God as the ultimate lawgiver, will be left with nothing but theological voluntarism. Thus, scientistic modernism destroyed the firm and unchanging foundation of civil law and the only real restraint to civil tyranny, namely, a natural law grounded in God’s eternal and unchanging character. Similar to Hobbes, the source of civil governmental power for Locke is the consent of the people. There are two natural powers that are given to civil society, the legislative and executive. The legislative power in any civil government is superior over the executive because it gives the laws to the executive. Some of man’s natural executive power is retained. This is so because man’s natural right of self-preservation is inalienable, i.e., it cannot be given over to civil government. Thus, men in civil society have a right to resist the civil government if, after a long train of abuses, their opinion on the basis of their feelings grounded in their experience is that the civil government has violated the natural law. The civil governmental authority puts itself into a state of war with the people when it repeatedly violates the natural law. Tyranny occurs when the civil government acts out of its own self-interest and does not protect the property of the people. Locke’s theory of civil resistance is weak, however, because he failed to demonstrate that the specific code of the natural law is knowable.[9] Similar to Hobbes, Locke’s empiricist epistemology made the end of civil government empirical, i.e., the self-preservation of the people. Locke’s theory of civil resistance is based upon the personal opinions of the people. Thus, Locke could support that notion that the civil government should tolerate every religious opinion that does not threaten the people’s physical property.[10] Moreover, Locke placed most religious beliefs in the realm of mere opinions. For Locke, only a few religious propositions were within the realm of demonstrative knowledge. Overall, Locke’s theory of religious toleration is a two-edged sword. In a sense, it encouraged theological relativism. In another sense, it allowed religious liberty, albeit seemingly equating toleration with liberty (negative freedom). Finally, if Hobbes’ political philosophy described how a society of skeptics could live together under one sovereign power, then Locke’s political philosophy described how a society of skeptics could live together by balancing their opinions with the civil government’s. Thus, contrary to Hobbes, Locke believed that a little civil resistance now and then is a good thing. Although Locke’s political philosophy guard’s against tyranny better than the political philosophy of the Sophists and Hobbes, similar to the Sophists and Hobbes, Locke’s scientistic philosophy supports the argument that any philosophy that has scientific presuppositions and begins with physical particulars produces a negative view of freedom, a simple view of human equality based upon power, authority that is equated with mere power and sanction, a deterrence theory of punishment, a natural law that can only be known in selfish generalities, natural rights that are grounded in man’s self-interests, nominalism, and theological voluntarism. BIBILIOGRAPHY Hobbes, Thomas. Leviathan: Or the Matter, Forme and Power of a Commonwealth Ecclesiasticall and Civil, ed. Michael Oakeshott. New York: Simon &. Schuster, Inc., 1997. Locke, John. Two Treatises of Government, ed. Peter Laslett. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988. [1]   Hobbes, Thomas, Leviathan: Or the Matter, Forme and Power of a Commonwealth Ecclesiasticall and Civil (New York: Simon &. Schuster, Inc., 1997), 54-63) [2] Ibid, 72-77. [3] Ibid, 11-21. [4] Ibid, 77. [5] Ibid, 79. [6] Ibid, 76. [7] Locke, John, Two Treatises of Government (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988) 283-290. [8] Ibid, 263. [9] Ibid, 290-292. [10] Ibid.