Textual analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 3

Textual analysis - Essay Example Although I agree with Talbot that the new generation needs a boost to accomplish more, I do not believe that neuroehancers is what our generation needs to get ahead in the white collar competition. Although there are many people out there who are using these drugs to try and get ahead of the competition, not all people are really making any progress in that direction. In fact, the people who are using these drugs are mostly already ahead of the competition that we wonder if these drugs actually even helped these people achieve their goals. Throughout the report of Talbot, we can clearly see that the people who used neuroenhancing drugs did not feel smarter or more creative. First, let us take a look at Alex the guy who recently graduated from Harvard. Alex is a classic example of a student who wants to achieve almost everything at once. He led a very hectic schedule so he needed an energy booster to keep him awake, alert and focused. Since Alex was admitted to Harvard and he ran a student organization, presumably, this guy is already smart and is ahead in terms of academic achievements. During his interview with Talbot, Alex clearly stated that the drug Adderall helped him focus his mind on the tasks at hand but it did not make him feel smarter. According to Alex, â€Å"The drug, along with a steady stream of caffeine, helped him to concentrate during classes and meetings, but he noticed some odd effects; at a morning tutorial he†¦ alternated between speaking too quickly and thoroughly on some subjects and feeling awkwardly quiet during other points of the discussion.† Lunch was a blur: â€Å"It’s always hard to eat much when on Adderall.† Based on the statement of Alex, we can clearly see that the effects of nueroehancers are not always good. The sudden bursts of mental activities followed by silence are not a good sign. If our generation wants stay competitive, we need more than just drugs that boost out mental

Marketing management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Marketing management - Essay Example Effective segmenting, targeting and positioning are the key to successfully gaining customers by forming a good perception of the product in the mind of the customer. This report aims to develop appropriate segmentation and targeting strategies for â€Å"Natura† range of herbal beauty care products being launched by Janelle Inc., a US based company operating in the cosmetics and beauty care product industry. The report will also outline the positioning objective of the new product line and design a positioning strategy, which will aid the achievement of the set objectives. Lastly, the different marketing mix strategies which needs to be deployed as the product progress in the product life cycle will also be discussed along with an outline of key competitive strategies which the product will be using in competing in the long run. Janelle Inc. is a medium scale business operation incorporated in 1992, to cater to the US beauty care market. The company markets under two main brands – Janelle and Cleo, which is aimed at two different market segments. Janelle products are targeting the younger consumer base aged 18- 35 and mainly consisting of cosmetic items and few skin care products while the Cleo which is a more exclusive and upmarket product offered at the 35 + market segment, includes an extensive skin and hair care range along with cosmetics. In a recent market survey, the company realised that there is a substantial market interest in natural beauty care products, mainly in the 30+ age category. Based on this information, Janelle has decided to launch a new Herbal Beauty care product line. The company has formed an alliance with a reputed and well-established Herbal beauty care manufacturer in India, which manufactures for an exclusive cosmetic brand in the UK market. The new product line will be branded â€Å"Natura†

Context Based Approaches in Teaching of Primary Science

Context Based Approaches in Teaching of Primary Science This chapter provides a theoretical rationale for creating technology-rich, constructivist learning environments that use context-based teaching strategies in classrooms and engage students in student-centered, personally meaningful, authentic, and collaborative learning. It also provides examples of schools that have experimented context-based teaching in science in classrooms, and a curricular example that teachers can modify to increase student understanding of any curricular area. Finally, it provides online resources and a podcast that provide teachers with additional ideas for making their lessons more interesting and engaging, empowering, and enlightening classrooms. There have been many studies that indicate context-based approach is essential in order for student learning to take place. Research reveals that teaching Strategies are necessary in schools for teachers to effectively increase student achievement. The focus of this research study is to examine effects of context-based approaches in teaching science in Classroom. The review of literature will look at several factors related to teaching strategies. Those factors include the Traditional view of teaching science, problematic questions that arise in this research, importance of context-based teaching, in classroom. The review of literature will also include a discussion about how teachers can encourage character and social development of students, and the current brain-based research, which suggests and encourages context-based teaching, which promotes success of students, teachers, and improves communication standard among them. Context-based approaches to teaching science in primary school have become widely used over the past two decades. They aspire to foster more positive attitudes to science while, at the same time, provide a sound basis of scientific understanding for further study. One of the most distinct trends of the last two decades in science curriculum development across a number of countries has been to use contexts and applications of science as a means of developing scientific understanding. Teaching in this way is often described as adopting a context-based approach. The trend toward the use of context-based approaches is apparent across the whole age spectrum from primary through to university level, but is most noticeable in materials developed for use in the secondary age range. Traditional Teaching Style of Science Over the last two decades reports have traced students increasingly negative attitudes to Science in Australia over the primary years of schooling, and the associated decrease in student participation in post-compulsory science (Goodrum, Hackling, Rennie, 2001; Tytler, 2007). This decline in interest in Science in the early years of primary education is of particular concern, since it is in these years that attitudes to the pursuit of science subjects and careers are formed (Speering Rennie, 1996). A number of studies have explicitly linked this decline in student interest with the nature of the traditional science curriculum and its inability to make science meaningful and interesting to students (Fensham, 2004; Lyons, 2006). By making Science more relevant to a broader audience we can prepare prospective science degree students and professionals, as well as contribute to improved scientific literacy for all students. Context-Based Approach Context-based approaches are approaches adopted in science teaching where contexts and applications of science are used as the starting point for the development of scientific ideas. This contrasts with more traditional approaches that cover scientific ideas first, before looking at applications. But literature has a different meaning for context-based teaching. Whitelegg and Perry (1999) say that context-based learning can have several meanings, at its broadest, it means the social and cultural environment in which the student, teacher and institution are situatedà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦a narrow view of context might focus on an application of a physics theory for the purposes of illumination and reinforcement. (p. 68) In the classroom, the use of context-based approaches might mean, for example, that students study medical diagnostic techniques in order to develop their understanding of electromagnetic radiation and atomic structure, or look at a range of different fabrics and their uses to introduce ideas about materials and their properties. A further feature of context-based approach is that, due to the nature of the material being studied, they tend to employ wider range of teaching strategies (e.g. small-group discussions, role-play, student presentations) than is normally associated with conventional science courses. How do you and your friend get to school this morning? You probably used various forms of transport between you Speed is the rate of change of distance moved with time. (Judith Bennett, 2003) These two pieces came from the opening lines of chapters on forces and motion in two different books of secondary level course, one written in 1970s and the other in 1990s. They provide good enough example to illustrate a major turn over in approaches to teaching science in that period. This turn over sheds light on the use of context-based teaching and applications as the beginning for developing scientific knowledge, understanding and comprehending it. The question arises that where this concept of context-based writing does came into being? The term context-based appeared to have been applied to some of the scientific activities in classroom for around fifteen years ago when such activities were described as an attempt to make science relevant and understandable to the young ones. They were used for young students to links between science and their daily life. So this is how context-based approaches in teaching science were originated, to make students understand, create relevance with their everyday life, and comprehend the meaning more easily. So the origin of context-based approaches was desired by teachers to make the lessons they were teaching interesting and easily understood by their students. But the research reveals that the strongest factor was the active engagement they desired from their children. Context-based approaches have also emerged in response to the concern of many countries over the teaching of physical scien ce subject. One of the characteristics of curriculum development in recent years has been an increased emphasis on using contexts and applications as a means of developing scientific understanding. Nationally and internationally, context-based programs have been implemented in an attempt to engage students in science through connecting the canonical science with the real world. The study found that by providing students with the opportunity to write, fluid transitions between concepts and context were an outcome of context-based learning. Many schools using context-based approach report positive effect on students. The context-based approach in teaching science is gaining popularity day by day. Holman and Pilling concludes that such a method seems to be successful in enhancing students interest in science, and understanding of science though they expressed some doubts over how successful it is in developing students abilities in problem-solving (Holman and Pilling, 2004). Examples of Context-Based Teaching New approaches to the teaching of Science have been tried in the last ten years and research has been undertaken to look at ways of improving the way in which we teach school Science (Millar, Leach, Osborne, 2000; Roth, 1995; Tobin McRobbie, 1995). Examples of Context-based teaching can be found everywhere now. In particular, chemistry teaching is one area that has undergone significant reform in an attempt to make Science more relevant for all students (Barber, 2000; Beasley Butler, 2002; De Vos, Bulte Pilot, 2002; Gabel Bunce, 1994; Gutwill-Wise, 2001; Ramsden, 1992, 1997; Tobin McRobbie, 1995). Context-based Science has been implemented in international Science programmes (e.g. Chemistry in Context in the USA, Salters in the UK, Industrial Science in Israel, Chemie im Kontext in Germany and Chemistry in Practice in The Netherlands) throughout the last decade and has been trialed more recently in Victorian and Queensland classrooms in Australia. This new context-based approac h to teaching science was designed to address issues such as students lack of engagement in science and decreasing participation rates. In Queensland, the new Chemistry syllabus using the context-based approach has been on trial in schools since 2002, and the trial-pilot syllabuses in chemistry and physics were published in September 2004 by the Queensland Board of Senior primary School Studies. Despite recent changes, with the current syllabus mandating the inclusion of only one context (or one Extended Experimental Investigation (EEI)) in the Queensland chemistry syllabus, teachers may choose to continue to teach all science units in context. Context-based approaches represent a significant change in the teaching of chemistry. Problem Questions Many people involved in curriculum development and teaching believe that there are considerable benefits associated with context-based approaches. However, it raises a number of interesting questions: Does teaching science through the use of everyday contexts help school students understand science any better? Does teaching science in context improve school students attitudes to science? Are there differences in the effects on girls and boys, or on students of different ability? This chapter examines in detail the research evidence on the effects of context-based approaches to the teaching of science. In particular, it looks at the effects on students understanding of science and on their attitudes to science. Positive and Negative Effects of Context-Based Teaching Primary Science teaching around the world has been undergoing radical changes over the past decade. As most states move towards a context-based secondary syllabus, there is a danger that tertiary science teaching will be left behind. Although there are drawbacks to contextual teaching in the tertiary environment (such as lack of preparation time, the breadth of physics concepts covered, and stretching the boundaries of ones own understanding as a teacher), the benefits for students interest and motivation, as well as their learning outcomes are significant. Over the last decade, the syllabi for primary school science around Australia have been evolving from an approach based around set conceptual content to one in which the concepts are taught using a contextual approach. The advantages of contextual teaching are that students can link science to their lives in the real world, and are usually more motivated. In the US, school students taking a context-based course outperformed those students studying more traditional courses. This success was attributed, at least in part, to higher levels of interest and motivation amongst the students, together with their perception of the relevance of the topics (Sutman and Bruce, 1992; Gutwill-Wise, 2001). However, there can be an apparent mismatch between the teaching styles that school students experience (and their prior knowledge) with expectations of tutors in universities, and this has been identified as a possible cause of students difficulties in understanding thermodynamics (Carson and Watso n, 1999). Whitelegg and Parry (1999) discuss the advantages of teaching physics in context, both by applying previous knowledge to real life situations, and by initially learning physics through analyzing these situations. Although the latter option has obvious advantages for student perceptions of the relevance of a course, it is pointed out that there is an inherent danger that students will be unable to generalize their knowledge outside the context in which it was initially learned. Conclusion Teachers can create technology-rich, constructivist learning environments that engage students in student-centered, personally meaningful, authentic, and collaborative learning that is inquiry-based, requires informed decision-making, views mistakes as opportunities for growth, and values information exchange among all learners. One plausible way to achieve this goal is to use context-based teaching in classrooms. This article provided a theoretical rationale for such an approach. It also provided specific examples of context-based approaches being used in different schools these days, specific steps a teacher should take to create similar curricular lessons, as well as examples a student could use in understanding of any curricular area. Finally, it provided numerous positive and negative effects it has on pupils and teachers as well and online resources that provide teachers with additional ideas for making context-based teaching studies usable in their engaging, empowering and enl ightening classrooms. It is also claimed that the approach can enhance or, at least, not adversely affect students understanding of science ideas. Work Cited Abell, S. K., Bryan, L. A. (1999). Development of professional knowledge in learning to teach elementary science. Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 36(2), 121- 139 Angus, M., Olney, H. Ainley, J. (2007). In the balance: The future of Australias primary schools. Canberra: Australian Primary Principals Association. Biggs, J. (1999) What the student does: teaching for enhanced learning. Higher Education Research and Development 18(1), 57-75. Carson Watson, (1999). Chemical education: Towards Research-Based Practice. Accessed: April 16, 2010. From: http://books.google.com.pk/books?id=- 23VbCeM17QCpg=PA350lpg=PA350dq=Carson+and+Watson,+1999source=bl ots=Bd051tQtOrsig=JWZeYuupeInjdaIze5aUysoHRYIhl=enei=2o_IS92lMpWjO LjI7LgNsa=Xoi=book_resultct=resultresnum=10ved=0CCQQ6AEwCQ#v=one pageq=Carson%20and%20Watson%2C%201999f=false Fensham, 2004; Lyons, (2006). Context-based chemistry: creating opportunities for fluid transitions between concepts and context. Accessed: April 16, 2010.From: http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_6957/is_4_55/ai_n45557673/ Gutwill-Wise J.P., (2001), The impact of active and context-based learning in introductory chemistry courses: an early evaluation of the modular approach, Journal of Chemical Education, 78, 684- 690 Goodrum, D Rennie, L 2007, Australian School Science Education: National Action Plan 2008-2012, Volume 1, The National Action Plan, Department of Education, Training and Youth Affairs, Canberra. Goodrum, D, Hackling, M Rennie, L 2001, The status and quality of teaching and learning of science in Australian schools: A research report, Department of Education, Training and Youth Affairs, Canberra. Accessed: April 15, 2010. From: http://cmslive.curriculum.edu.au/leader/default.asp?id=25011issueID=11579 Holman J. and Pilling G., (2004), Thermodynamics in context: a case study of contextualised teaching for undergraduates, J. Chem. Educ., 81, 373-375. Hackling, M. W. (2006a). Research Report 1: Case study teachers experience of Primary Connections. Canberra: Australian Academy of Science. Judith Bennett. Teaching and Learning Science. Context-based Approaches to the Teaching of Science. Accessed: April 17, 2010. From: http://books.google.com.pk/books?id=CiaFobS- Cn0Cpg=PA99lpg=PA99dq=context- based+approaches+in+teaching+primary+sciencesource=blots=eZSJG0iC7csig=z3 Ml8P_Hdvo4_fg4s1KdotSE518hl=enei=aqnIS- 75HoevOKqWgNcMsa=Xoi=book_resultct=resultresnum=4ved=0CBoQ6AEw Aw#v=onepageq=context- based%20approaches%20in%20teaching%20primary%20sciencef=false Lubben F, Campbell B, Dlamini B (1997) Achievement of Swazi students learning science through everyday technology. Journal of the Southern African Association for Research in Mathematics and Science Education 1: 26-40. Ramsden JM (1997) How does a contextbased approach influence understanding of key chemical ideas at 16+? International Journal of Science Education 19: 697-710. Speering Rennie, (1996). Deakin Research Online. Primary students perceptions of mathematics and science. Charles University Education Faculty. Prague, Czech Republic. Accessed: April 15, 2010. From: http://www.deakin.edu.au/dro/view/DU:30008215 Whitelegg, E., and Parry, M. (1999) Real-life contexts for learning physics: meanings, issues and practice. Physics Education 34(2), 68-72.

Oedipus, Antogone, And Media :: essays research papers

ANALYTICAL ACCOUNT OF A RUNNING THEME   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"All those who were meant to die have died: those who believed one thing, those who believed the contrary thing, and even those who believed nothing at all, yet were caught up in the web without knowing why.† This particular quote by Jean Anouilh, author of Antigone, helped me choose fate, one of the more interesting underlining themes in all three plays: Oedipus the King, Antigone, and Medea, as the topic for my paper. No matter how hard the protagonists or antagonists in each play tried to change the fate of the protagonists, they failed and fate took over the chain of events. When humans try to change that which is beyond their control, they often fail and make the matters even worse than before as expressed by the authors of the three plays.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When Oedipus was born to Laius and Jocasta, their happiness was interrupted by a horrible prophecy: Oedipus will kill Laius and marry Jocasta when he grows up. The mood in Thebes changed from joyous to somber for the king chose to have his own son killed so that he could remain alive. Considering the situation from Laius’ point of view, it is not difficult to understand his actions but the mere fact that he tried to challenge fate causes his actions to seem ironic and cynical. By tinkering with fate, Laius caused the death of Jocasta, and Oedipus’ blindness and banishment in addition to the events caused by fate. In Antigone, Anouilh portrayed Creon in a similar way as Sophocles portrayed Laius. They both contributed more damage than benefit to the protagonists and their families with their â€Å"noble intentions.†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When Antigone violated the law created by Creon and tried to bury the body of her brother, Creon should have ordered her to be killed right away. Since he tried to persuade Antigone to forget about the body of her brother and marry his son, which was against her fate, his plan did not work out. One might think Antigone, being of noble blood and having a chance to marry a prince, was out of her mind to jeopardize her life while worrying about a dead body but Antigone’s fate was to die fighting for respect of her family. By delaying her death, Creon inadvertently caused the death of his wife and son. Jason tried to interfere with Medea’s fate and lost his life as well as the life of his loved ones.

Art and the Roman Catholic Church Essay

Art and the Roman Catholic Church have ties that go back to the simple foundation of Christianity itself. Through the beginning of the 1st century through modern times, art has played a crucial role for the church and it’s 2.1 billion person following. Art has been used to portray events in the history of Catholicism as well as to convey the message of the Bible, the Christian religions most valued source of information. Artistic styles have varied throughout the years, taking on a gothic look after the era of the Byzantine Empire, the Romanesque style of architecture, diving into forms of art such as theatre and poem, art and the Catholic Church have been tightly associated for centuries. Before the relationship between art and the Catholic church can be expressed, the term â€Å"art†, must first be defined. St. Thomas Aquinas (c.1225-1274) relates art and religion by sharing that, â€Å"The knowledge of God is to all creatures what the knowledge of the artificer is to things made by his art.†i The influential philosopher brings together a comparison of the mystery of faith and ties it to art. The meaning of his quotes is to address the level of God’s knowledge in a way where people will understand. He does this by comparing God’s knowledge to that of an artist, how no one knows exactly why things are the way they are besides the artist, therefore the exact purpose is left to interpretation. Because art has been around longer than written word has, it gives a special insight to the earliest periods in the time of the Catholic church. The oldest form of art found in Christianity is dated to the early 2nd century, where sculptures were found on Roman coffins.ii These coffins would usually depict Christian symbols such as the fish, the cross, or the dove, and only be recognizable to fellow Christians due to the vast amount of persecution amongst the Christian religion. These symbols are seen as the earliest forms of art and Christianity. Many Christian beliefs are based and formed on artists depictions of what happened during the life of Jesus Christ as well as before he was alive. â€Å"Here one is faced with the awkward fact that the only evidence on which one could base a history of emotional experience is the work of art itself.†i Newton expresses the odd truth that the most precise way to interpret the emotion of early 2nd century Christians to late 18th century Catholics is through are, but the one who is looking for this understanding of emotion must first see the artwork from the emotions and thoughts expressed, not by it’s genre. Putting art into the category of â€Å"Christian† or â€Å"Religious† is misleading. Yes the artist may have been Christian, yes the artwork may contain religious symbols or depictions, but what the artist is intending on doing is making you feel a specific way while also conveying an interpretation. The Creation Story in Genesis I gives us a look at what it is believed God likes. Because God â€Å"created humankind in his image,†ii and he â€Å"saw everything he had made and indeed it was very good,†iii this can only portray the belief that God himself finds joy in the beauty of the world as an expression of the beauty that is in Himself. Leaving one to interpret that God is an appreciator of art in it’s entirety. Emperor Constantine actually plays a major role in art for the Catholic Church. Emperor Constantine was the head of the Byzantine Empire in 313AD when he officially approved Christianity be recognized.iv This was one of the most important events in the history of Christianity because before this, Christians were a group that met in secret to avoid persecution by gentiles for believing that Jesus was the messiah. The Byzantine Empire controlled all the land around the Mediterranean Sea, a major point of travel and trade. This allowed for a bigger turnout of Jews converting to Christianity. The Byzantine style of art is described as a, â€Å"fusion of oriental decoration, Hellenistic naturalism with echoes of pagan subject matter, and Christian symbolism.†iMosaics would be painted along city walls, later on finding their way into churches. The pieces of work also served as advertisements for the Christian Church. Built in the early 12th century, Abbey Church of St. Denis is the first Gothic-style Cathedral ever built.ii It represents the typical blueprint for Gothic architecture. The high windows, ceilings and arcs are all typical styles of gothic architecture in regards to the cathedrals that popped up throughout the late 12th century. In it stood â€Å"the Virgin of Jeanne d’Evreux†, a 68cm sculpture depicting the Virgin Mary holding baby Christ. Aside from currently being held in the Louvre museum, the sculpture captures what is known even today as the fundamental image most Christians have in their mind. Although there hasn’t been a photograph of this event, Christians have images of Mary and Baby Jesus in their mind because of art in the church. As a place for learning, people go to church to do more than listen to the priest, but to let the art and architecture of the church effect them spiritually. View as multi-pages

Is Coffee Drinking a Social Problem? Essay

Social issues are matters that cannot be controlled by individuals and is most often created by the social environment that the individual is socializing in. Social issues are discussions that have a direct effect on the everyday life of society and are usually politically related. Some examples of social issues are poverty, violence, justice, and violation of human rights, equality and crime. A social issue usually involves discussions of conflicting viewpoints that create tension between the disagreeing parties. With this said, one may ask, â€Å"How then, is it possible for coffee drinking to be called a social problem? † Coffee drinking is a socially accepted norm that dates back to the 16th century when the first coffee house was established in Persia where it gained a reputation as a social gathering place. By 1652, the coffeehouses were places where the British would go to conduct business or read the daily paper. Eventually is provided a refuge for coffee patrons to discuss politics and ideas. Pretty much the same purpose coffee drinking serves society today. 1950’s America established coffee drinking and houses as places of intellectual gathering. In modern America, coffee drinking has provided a social alternative for the youth that are not allowed entry into bars due to age restrictions. It gives them the taste of being in a bar like atmosphere but without the dangers that those alcoholic bars usually present to under age drinkers. Coffee drinking is now considered a sophisticated social act with places like Starbucks creating sophisticated coffee drinks and atmospheres for the drinkers to talk about. There is no merit to the idea that coffee drinking poses a social problem. Coffee drinking is not a social problem but a social enhancement or solution in most instances. It is also a healthy alternative for most people who are withdrawing from real social problems like substance or alcohol abuse. It is an alternative lifestyle for those who dislike the disco and bar scene as well. Work Cited: Social Benefits of Coffee. Coffee and People. 2003-2004 Retrieved February 23, 2007 from http://www. ringsurf. com/info/Food/Coffee/Benefits_of_Coffee/Social/.

Improve Business Writing Skills to Increase Productivity and Revenue

Improve Business Writing Skills to Increase Productivity and Revenue Current Business Writing Skills Scenario Your employees’ abilities to write and rewrite, clearly and concisely, goes a long way in establishing a competitive advantage for your business. If you want to make the best first impression on all your customers, clients, vendors, other transacting parties, and anyone who comes in contact with your business, then your employees need to master the art of effective business writing skills. Because most employees spend a substantial part of each workday writing whether it's email, reports, briefings, presentations, or requirements summaries improving business writing skills willsave your company money and increase employee productivity. Good writing skills lead to improved productivity and cost savings for the business. When employees spend a lot of time writing reports and end up producing error-prone documents, your business is likely to lose goodwill. Another issue with poor business writing skills is that it leads to wasted hours of editing and proofreading. This negatively affects your business productivity, since the time spent to make corrections could have been utilized for profit-making activities. Additionally, you might need to hire experienced editors orproofreaders for key business documents, adding more expense to your payroll. Drasticallyimprove your employees’ business writing skills by conducting business writing training. This will lead to improved productivity and by reducingthe average time spent on a single business writing task. Here is empirical proof: Current Business Writing Skills Scenario Suppose that your organization has a work unit of 30 workers. Each worker earns $60,000 per year. Similarly, each writer spends 3.2 hours a day on writing. Within an average 40-hour working week, 40% of the time is therefore devoted towards writing. Current Costs to your Company Under the current scenario, your company is paying $1,800,000 ($60,000*30) to workers on an annual basis. As already mentioned, each worker spends 40% of his or her time every day in writing. This means that, currently, your business is spending $720,000 ($1,800,000*40%) on an annual basis on youremployees’ business writing efforts. Assuming that there are 240 working days in a year, the total annual employee writing hours are 23040 (240days* 3.2 hours/day* 30 workers). This means that you are currently paying $31.25 per hour ($720,000/23040 hours) as the average annual costs per hour on business writing. Staff Training - Revised Scenario Now, let’s consider an alternative. Suppose you train your staff how to improve their business writing skills. Through our 6-step proven business writing methodology, you can reduce your staff’s average time spent on writing by 30%. Keeping all other factors constant, it means that each writer now spends 2.24 hours a day (3.2 hours* 70%) on writing. Revised Costs to your Company Even from a quick glance, you can clearly see that improving your staff’s business writing skills will have a strong positive impact on time and money saved. Keeping the number of employees (30), the total annual salary ($1,800,000) and the total working days per year (240) constant, here are new results: Total employee writing costs for the year will reduce to $504,000 (1,800,000*28%) Total annual employee writing hours will decrease to 16,128 (240 days* 2.24 hours* 30 workers) These simple empirical calculations prove that you can save on your total writing costs by more than $100,000 and total writing hours by 6,912 hours annually. The resources saved can be invested in other business activities to generate profits. The benefits of an effective business writing skills improvement program are far reaching. They lead to improved information flow, better coordination, and manyother growth and branding incentives for a business. To learn more about the power of business writing and how to improve business writing skills for your employees, download my guide, Four Ways to improve your Team’s Business Writing Skillstoday!

Beck Manufacturing and Plant Capacity

Beck Manufacturing and Plant Capacity Capacity planning is an important component in the operations of all contemporary organizations. It enables them to cater for the needs of the customer by avoiding shortages. The measure of capacity required to meet the future demands of a certain company has to be calculated using the resources at the disposal of the institution.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Beck Manufacturing and Plant Capacity specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It is important to note that the estimates do not reflect the exact figures required. However, they help the management to avert any acute shortages that may occur in the future (Vonderembse White, 2013). Ratios are used in capacity planning. For example, operating ratios are used by many managers to estimate the capacity required after a specific duration of time. In this paper, a case study of Beck Manufacturing is analyzed. In the paper, the author computes the capacity of ind ividual equipment centers. In addition, the capacity of the system is determined. In addition, an analysis is provided with regards to where the focus of the company should lie if Beck wants to increase the capacity of the firm. The additional capacity that can be achieved without bottlenecks is also highlighted. Finally, the author recommends strategies through which capacity can be increased without necessarily having to acquire additional equipment. Determining the Capacity Machines and Systems Beck Company has many machines working on different operations. Each of them has a specific role to carry out in the functioning of the entire organization (Koc Ceylan, 2007). To determine output and relate it to demand in the market, it is important to calculate the capacity of these machines. It is important to note that calculating the capacity of each machine has to take into consideration the four operations of the organization (Vonderembse White, 2013).Advertising Looking f or research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Capacity of the Machine Centers Number of hours = two- 8 hours shift= 64 hours Run time per minute= 2 Number of machines =5 Reject rate= 3% Capacity of each milling machine= (2*60 hour/day) * (64+0-0 hours/day) * (1-0.02) = 7526.4/5 number of machines =1505.28. The capacity for each milling machine is 1505.28/ hour The capacity for grinding machines Number of hours = 64 hours Run time per minute = 3Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Beck Manufacturing and Plant Capacity specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Number of machines= 7 Reject rate = 5% Capacity of each grinding machine (3*60 hour/day) * (64+0-0 hours/days) * (1-0.05) = 10944/ 7 number of machines = 1563.43/ hour Capacity of boring machines Number of hours = 64 Run time per minute = 1 Number of machines = 3 Reject rate = 2 p ercentAdvertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Capacity of each boring machine = (1*60 hours/day) * (64+0-0 hours/day) * (1-0.02) = 3763.2/3 number of machines = 1254.4 /hour Capacity of drilling machines Number of hours = 64 hours Run time per minute = 2.5 Number of machines = 6 Reject rate = 7 percent Capacity of each drilling machine = (2.5*60 hours/day) * (64+0-0 hours/day) * (1-0.07) = 9896.91/ 6 number of machines = 1649.48 /hour Capacity of the System The system’s capacity is a function of the operations presented. Beck manufacturing plant has a total of four operations. The system capacity will be based on these functions. System capacity = 1505.28+ 1563.43+ 1254.4+ 1649.48 = 5972.59/4 number of operations = 1493.1475 System capacity = 1493. 1475/ hour Recommended Focus of the Company in order to Expand Capacity Expanding the capacity of the manufacturing company can be achieved through various strategies. One of them entails increasing the number of machines. It is noted that the operations that are determined or constrained by machines cannot impact on the capacity of the plant if the number of people is increased. New machines are more efficient than old equipment (Koc Ceylan, 2007). Beck, the manager of the company, can double the capacity of the current production if he chooses to increase the number of machines. The two-fold increase in capacity can be achieved if the manager doubles the current number of machines. For example, if he chooses to have five new milling machines, he will increase the number to 10. The current productivity will be doubled in the process. Consequently, the capacity of the company will rise. Increasing Capacity While Avoiding Bottlenecks Enhancing the capacity of operations is associated with a number of challenges. They include increased operational costs and the need to retrain employees (Somers Nelson, 2003). As already indicated above, Beck can double the capacity of the company. However, he should avoid causing a bottleneck in one operation in the proc ess of increasing capacity. The manager can achieve this by ensuring that the increase in the number of machines is done uniformly in all operations. Expanding the Capacity without Purchasing New Equipment The proposed method of expanding the capacity of the company requires the company to purchase new equipment. The acquisition process increases costs of production for the company (Stevenson Sum, 2010). However, it is possible to increase the capacity without necessarily having to buy new machines. Beck can achieve this by repairing the old machines to increase their efficiency. The reject time in the old equipment may be brought about by wear and tear (Somers Nelson, 2003). Repairing them will help in increasing efficiency. Consequently, the capacity of the manufacturing company will be expanded without the need to purchase new machines. References Koc, T., Ceylan, C. (2007). Factors impacting innovative capacity in large-scale companies. Technovation, 27(3), 105-114. Somers, T ., Nelson, K. (2003). The impact of strategy and integration mechanisms on enterprise system value: Empirical evidence from manufacturing firms. European Journal of Operational Research, 146(2), 315-338. Stevenson, W., Sum, C. (2010). Operations management: An Asian perspective. Singapore: McGraw-Hill/Irwin. Vonderembse, M., White, G. (2013). Operations management: Concepts, methods, and strategies. San Diego, CA: Bridgepoint Education, Inc.

Cut Flower Preservative Recipes

Cut Flower Preservative Recipes You know if you put fresh cut flowers in water it will help keep them from wilting. If you have a packet of cut flower preservative from a florist or the store, it will help the flowers to stay fresh much longer. You can make cut flower preservative yourself, however. There are several good recipes, made using common household ingredients. Keys to Keeping Cut Flowers Fresh Give them water.Give them food.Protect them from decay or infection.Keep them cool and out of direct sunlight. The floral preservative provides flowers with water and food and contains a disinfectant to prevent bacteria from growing. Making sure your vase is clean will also help. Try to minimize air circulation, since it speeds evaporation and can dehydrate your flowers. Preparing the Flowers Start by discarding any decaying leaves or flowers. Trim the bottom ends of your flowers with a clean, sharp blade before arranging them in the vase containing the floral preservative. Cut the stems at an angle to increase the surface area for water and to prevent the ends from resting flat on the bottom of the container. The Water In all cases, mix the floral preservative using warm water (100-110 F or 38-40 C) because it will move into the stems more effectively than cold water. Clean tap water will work, but if it is very high in salts or fluorides, consider using distilled water instead. Chlorine in tap water  is fine since it acts as a natural disinfectant. Recipe 1 2 cups lemon-lime carbonated beverage (e.g., Sprite or 7-Up)1/2 teaspoon household chlorine bleach2 cups warm water Recipe 2 2 tablespoons fresh lemon juice1 tablespoon sugar1/2 teaspoon household chlorine bleach1 quart warm water Recipe 3 2 tablespoons white vinegar2 tablespoons sugar1/2 teaspoon household chlorine bleach1 quart warm water More Tips Trim away any foliage which would be below the water line. The wet leaves encourage microbial growth that can rot your flowers.Remove any unnecessary leaves because they will accelerate dehydration of the flowers.Flowers with milky latexs of these flowers include poinsettia, heliotrope, hollyhock, euphorbia, and poppy. The sap is meant to prevent water loss by the stem, but in a cut flower, it keeps the plant from absorbing water. You can prevent this problem by dipping the bottom tips (~1/2 inch) of the stems in boiling water for about 30 seconds or by flashing the tips of the stems with a lighter or other flame.

Geographical scale Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Geographical scale - Essay Example With this definition, this paper then aims to look into how themes of geographical scale actually manifest itself in the organizing of one of the most popular coalition of workers in the United States, the Coalition of Immokalee Workers. Specifically, this paper would try to look into two specific examples wherein themes of geographical scales would be present, especially on the organizing, public information and policy campaigns actually done by the CIW. In addition, this paper would also try to briefly compare and contrast the experiences of the CIW with another group of workers described in Chapter 7 of Tanya Basok’s Book â€Å"Tortillas and Tomatoes: Transmigrant Mexican Harvesters in Canada.† By using two specific examples, this paper would try to identify common and differentiated themes of geographic and social aspects in the organizing of these two labor groups. Looking at the regional scale of the United States and Canada, it can be seen that historically, orga nizations of farm laborers have been relatively weak, as compared to other geographical spaces. ... These workers, who were struggling for higher wages and better working conditions, were actually the ones supplying tomatoes to one of the United State’s widest and most popular food chains, the Taco Bell (â€Å"Immokalee: from Slavery to Freedom†). One of the concrete manifestations of geographical scale made by the CIW is their organizing work among the workers itself, putting into the Florida map the formerly unknown Immokalee labor Center, which happened to be the largest agricultural labor center in the state of Florida (â€Å"Immokalee: from Slavery to Freedom†). In this illustration, the organizing of the workers themselves into a large coalition actually showed themes of geographical scale, reflecting the organizational reach that the CIW attained in organizing the workers in the tomato fields of southeastern Florida; making them known by conducting strikes and worker barricades in order to show their grievances. Before the organizing of the workers thems elves, the Immokalee was formerly absent in the map (â€Å"Immokalee: from Slavery to Freedom†), and by forming the CIW, elements of organizational reach, along with elements of political and socio-economic themes suddenly manifested itself. In this case, it is important to note the fact that within geographical spaces, there are actual scopes of conflict; and the outcome or solutions of such conflict may result into situations that may affect processes in other geographical scales (Schattschneider 1960). In addition, the CIW also identified the relationship of ethnic lines and exploitation within the agricultural industry, wherein they actually identified that at present, it is the Latino immigrant population that is under exploitation in tomato farms (â€Å"Immokalee: from Slavery to

Business law case study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Business law - Case Study Example The nature of the transaction is dependent upon the agreement between the parties. A novation also takes place when the original parties continue their obligation to one another, but a new agreement is substituted for the old. In order for the novation to be legally binding and enforceable, it must be agreed between all the parties involved and must be in writing as required by law. Answer: Breach of contract may be defined as the failure of one of the parties in a contract to abide with the terms or conditions of the contract. It gives rise to a cause of action and the party at fault could be held liable for the payment of damages. The party at fault could be held liable for the actual loss or nominal loss, or both of the aggrieved party. Actual losses are those that can be identified or estimated. Nominal losses are awarded when no apparent loss can be estimated as a result of the breach. In this case, Jettison could be held liable for payment of the actual loss suffered by the lessor which is the payment of the monthly lease for one year. The $250 dollar monthly reduction is not a loss at all so it is not compensable. Answer: One of the essential requisites of an employment contract is acceptance by the other party within a reasonable or a given period. The Big Bucks, Inc. offered an employment contract to Sara Student. ... The non-compete clause is a valid provision in an employment contract. It is an agreement that restricts an employee from seeking an employment to a similar institution, or to use the information gained after the employee had left the employer-company who made the agreement. This is to prevent trade secrets and confidential information from being exposed and utilized by other companies. The New York case of Double Click v. Henderson is the leading authority for this case (Nov. 7, 1997, WL 731413, N.Y. Sup. Crt.) Cyber-Deli Caf case: Issue: Is Kevin and his partners liable for the injury sustained by the customer who slipped and wrenched his back at the main dining area of the caf Answer: The premises liability rule is the body of law which makes the owner or possessor of land or property responsible or liable for injuries sustained by a person who is present in a premise (Expert Law). The US Reinstatement of (Second) Torts drafted by the American Law Institute is one of the legal sources of premises of liability. An example of premises liability can arise from a "slip and fall" accident. Slip and fall accident happens when an invitee, a licensee, or a trespasser slipped or fell in a property maintained by the owner or possessor causing him or her an injury as a result of the "dangerous condition" of the place which is known by the owner or possessor but was not anticipated by the injured party. To be legally responsible for the injuries someone suffered from slipping, tripping, or falling on someone else's property, the owner/possessor or the employee of a store, restaurant, or other business must have caused the spill, worn, or torn spot, or other

Business Management.MANAGEMENT REPORT TO THE BOARD OF CAIFU Coursework

Business Management.MANAGEMENT REPORT TO THE BOARD OF CAIFU INVESTMENTS LTD. 2500 words - Coursework Example The critical analysis has been done to weigh the alternatives of investments in Zara and H & M. Contents Contents 3 Introduction 4 Company Profile: Zara 4 Company Profile: H & M 5 Secondary Research on the Management Theories and their applications 6 Management and Leadership Style of Zara 6 Management and Leadership Style of H & M 7 Primary Research on the Organisations 9 Analysis of the Questionnaire 10 Justification 12 Recommendation 12 Conclusion 12 References 13 Bibliography 14 Appendix 1: Interview Questionnaire 15 Introduction The strategic business alliances are the essential aspects of every business to survive in the long run. Investment companies are often willing to fund the expansion of the companies in various other international locations in order to make a profit out of such investments. Caifu Investment Ltd is looking for the opportunities in Zara and H & M and plans to invest in one particular company in order to make sure that the company is able to reap profits fo r Caifu in the long run. This report is presented to the management for a proper understanding of the business processes of the two companies both internally and externally through a primary as well as a secondary research. ... The company specialises in its fast changing fashion products and the company is famous for updating the line of clothing as per the latest fashion trends that are in vogue. Most of the other brands in the fashion clothing retail industry generally update their product every three to six months. On the other hand Zara updates their product portfolio every two weeks which has made a record of having the shortest period of time for up gradation. The company makes record designs of more than ten thousand per year. Zara has not only remained confined to the Spanish markets or the markets of the developed countries but has also moved beyond that to the developing countries where it has offered a portfolio of low cost product to the local price sensitive customers. The company therefore has a brand presence throughout the world and earns revenue of almost 8 billion euro. The company has never invested in the marketing communications like advertising or the other methods of promotion of the brand. However, the company thinks that it is important to reach out to most of the customers of the world and therefore Zara has increased the reach of the customers through the opening up of more and more stores in various locations as well as expansion to the cities across the world where the clothes might have a considerable demand from the customers. Company Profile: H & M H & M or Hennes & Mauritz is also a fashion clothing retailer based in Sweden and has been serving the industry since 1947. The brand targets almost all the markets like men, women as well as children and teenagers. H & M has a brand presence in almost 43 nations and has human resources strength of ninety four thousand. This brand also aims at reaching out to its customers

CELLULAR PATHOLOGY- Staining protocols Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

CELLULAR PATHOLOGY- Staining protocols - Essay Example Several tissue components can be demonstrated by this stain. It is an important diagnostic tool in most clinical settings. Substances that consist of glycol groups or alkylamino and amino derivatives are normally oxidized to form. An insoluble pink/magenta chromogen is later formed after these dialdehydes Periodic acid combines with the Schiff’s reagent. In tissue sections PAS positive substances include: Amyloid, cartilage, collagen, mucins, glycogen, and basement membranes among others, together with some organisms such as fungi. Method: As per the hand-out Results: Figure 1: shows Glycogen detection in the liver with PAS Figure 2: Shows PAS stain with diastase in the Hepatocytes Detection of the liver with glycogen storage disease. Figure 3: Represents mucins PAS stain (Intestine Alcain Blue). Figure 4: Shows Kidney tissue section, with Bowman’s capsule. Discussion i) Glycogen Most carbohydrates are broken down by the body from the foods we eat; it is further convert ed to a sugar type referred to as glucose. The main fuel source for the cells is glucose. When glucose is no longer needed by the body for energy, it is stored in the muscles and liver. The glucose stored consists of many connected glucose molecules referred to as glycogen. When a quick energy boost is required by the body in cases where the body is not receiving any glucose from food, there is break down of glycogen that results to glucose release into the bloodstream to generate fuel for the cells.( Knebelmann et al,1996) Glycogen demonstration in tissue sections, for example for the liver section tissues, it can be used to differentiate between normal liver tissue and the abnormal liver tissue by looking at the morphology. The liver is the main organ that stores glycogen. Any observation made after staining of the liver tissue that is different from typical liver tissue staining will indicate that the tissue is not normal hence diseased. For example, liver and fatty liver cells, scar tissue (fibroblasts) can be used to differentiate between normal and abnormal liver tissues( hepatocytes) after staining because of the absence of glycogen in normal cells. The diastase use in enzymes digestion of glycogen acts as a control. Hence, two slides comparison can show an area occupied by glycogen. PAS Stains glycogen but there can be pre-digestion of tissue with diastase in order to remove glycogen. Clinical Implication of PAS Stain of Glycogen We have various GSD types.   Individuals with GSD are born with it.   In GSD, there is storage of abnormal glycogen amount in the liver. For an individual with GSD: The liver is not able to regulate the use of glucose and glycogen. Certain enzymes involved in the regulation of the conversion of glucose into glycogen or glucose release from glycogen are not present.  Ã‚   At least 10 different GSDs types do exist. These types are placed in categories based on the missing enzyme. The GSD forms that are most common includes : types I, III and IV. One in every 20,000 individuals can have a type of GSD. GSD I, also referred to as von Gierke condition: Is caused by enzyme Glucose-6-Phosphatase deficiency.   GSD III, also referred to as Cori disease:  Is caused by debrancher enzyme deficiency. This leads to the body forming molecules of glycogen with abnormal structure. This unusual structure prevents the breakdown of glycogen into free glucose as well.   GSD IV also referred to as amylopectinosis:   increased glycogen amount in the tissues is not experienced. Instead, the building up

Management Science & System Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words - 1

Management Science & System - Coursework Example The cost of the rooms was  £120 per room per night. They would book the accommodation but if they found out a week in advance that they were not going to make the trip, they would cancel at a cost of 10% of the total value. If they cancelled one (1) to three (3) days in advance then the charge would be 50% and on the day 100%. The Reservations manager who was pretty new did not know how to handle situations like these and so he flatly refused to accept the booking or to give it any further thought. The hotel was already 60% booked for two of the days when the group wanted to stay. All the other days were below 50%. The group required 42% of the rooms which meant that there would have been an excess demand of a mere 2%. This case is considered of major importance because in a few months the Olympic Games will be in London and similar situations may arise during that period. Managers are required to make decisions everyday. It is important that when matters arise that they are analysed properly before actions are taken. Pearce and Robinson (1997) states that one of the critical tasks of strategic management is to: â€Å"identify the most desirable options by evaluating each option in light of the company’s mission.† One of the roles of management is to make decisions and there are a number of models that are available to assist in this process. One such method is decision analysis which uses a construct called a decision tree to analyse situations. According to Lucey (1992, p27) a decision tree is: â€Å"A pictorial method of showing a sequence of inter-related decisions and outcomes. All the possible choices are shown on the tree as branches and the possible outcomes are subsidiary b ranches.† Another model of major significance is linear programming – a mathematical technique. â€Å"Linear Programming has helped to bridge the gap between abstract economic theory and managerial decision making in practice† (Koutsoyiannis, 1979). It is normally used in

Discuss the role of testing of employees as it relates to the Essay

Discuss the role of testing of employees as it relates to the selection process. Summarize your findings - Essay Example This paper looks at the various roles played by employee testing which relates to the selection process. The testing and selection processes in an organization are tedious and demanding. Moreover, they are associated with increased levels of managerial involvement and commitment. Despite the challenges involved with the processes, organizations have nothing to lose. Instead, employee testing and selection helps organizations maximize on their output and quality of its operations. This is because organizations place the right people to do the right job. Among the essential characteristics of the right person for a job description, include the best academic qualifications, high integrity, the best skills, knowledge and creativity. According to McTague (2001), the testing process establishes the skills, expertise, knowledge creativity and capabilities of a potential employee of an organization. Testing process comes after the employees have undergone preliminary interviewing process. Af ter the preliminary interviews and actual employee selection take place, qualifying candidates undertake tests that take different forms. Testing takes place before the actual hiring of employees to ensure that the right qualities meet the requirements by the organization. The increased dynamics in the business environment caused by increased levels of globalization has increasingly changed the manner in which businesses carry out their business. Service industry is the most affected as the demand for integrity and high morals among the employees has taken centre stage. Even the manufacturing industry has taken suit in employee testing. Competition for market shares and high sales levels necessitates the need for quality products, which is only achievable with highly qualified employees placed on the right jobs. Various activities take place during the testing process. Integrity tests involve running drug tests on employees to ensure that employees hired are drug free especially for the service delivery organizations such as insurance companies and banks. People working in the manufacturing industry need to be sober, as working with machines require increased levels of concentration. Arthur (2012) advises that a mistake at any stage in the production process affect the product. Employees who are constant drug users or addicts are prone to accidents, which occur as they work with different machines. A person who is under the influence of stimulant drugs is subconscious and thus, the likelihood of injury is higher than that of sober people. While this affects the total output by employees as injured employees go through medication, low quality products are less competitive in the market. Thus, drug testing has numerous benefits to an organization. Testing process also saves organizations the problems associated with absenteeism and high employee turnover. Psychological testing of employees helps determine if the career paths chosen were in line with their intere sts or whether it was an option presented to them (Collings & Wood, 2009). People who follow their desired career paths are more enthusiastic in carrying out their duties despite the levels of challenge that they are likely to face. Insurance and marketing are job descriptions requiring high levels of commitment and

Management Science & System Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words - 1

Management Science & System - Coursework Example The cost of the rooms was  £120 per room per night. They would book the accommodation but if they found out a week in advance that they were not going to make the trip, they would cancel at a cost of 10% of the total value. If they cancelled one (1) to three (3) days in advance then the charge would be 50% and on the day 100%. The Reservations manager who was pretty new did not know how to handle situations like these and so he flatly refused to accept the booking or to give it any further thought. The hotel was already 60% booked for two of the days when the group wanted to stay. All the other days were below 50%. The group required 42% of the rooms which meant that there would have been an excess demand of a mere 2%. This case is considered of major importance because in a few months the Olympic Games will be in London and similar situations may arise during that period. Managers are required to make decisions everyday. It is important that when matters arise that they are analysed properly before actions are taken. Pearce and Robinson (1997) states that one of the critical tasks of strategic management is to: â€Å"identify the most desirable options by evaluating each option in light of the company’s mission.† One of the roles of management is to make decisions and there are a number of models that are available to assist in this process. One such method is decision analysis which uses a construct called a decision tree to analyse situations. According to Lucey (1992, p27) a decision tree is: â€Å"A pictorial method of showing a sequence of inter-related decisions and outcomes. All the possible choices are shown on the tree as branches and the possible outcomes are subsidiary b ranches.† Another model of major significance is linear programming – a mathematical technique. â€Å"Linear Programming has helped to bridge the gap between abstract economic theory and managerial decision making in practice† (Koutsoyiannis, 1979). It is normally used in

The Best Friendships Essay Example for Free

The Best Friendships Essay Most people say that friendship is the most common relationship that each of us has. Each relationship that we hold in our lives has a common ground of friendship. However, the levels might differ in terms of our interaction and personal communication with them. In every relationship that we have, a part of us is also revealed as we try to perform the responsibilities in line with the friendships that we have with various people. As of today, I can identify five types of friendships which are currently active in keeping my life as meaningful as possible. Similar with the rest of the world, one of the friendships that I treasure is the one I have built with strangers I have met along my journey in life. These set of people consists of my childhood friends, classmates from previous schools, colleagues from different organizations, co-workers, and other persons whom I have shared myself with as a friend. They are the people whom I have laughed with in times of fun and cried with in times of woe. The second type of friendship that I have is the one that I secure with the person I intend to spend the rest of my life with. I consider this a special type, for I know that amidst the romance, intimacy, and further stages in a couple’s relationship, it is friendship that will most probably be left after a long time of companionship. That is why I do not treat my partner entirely as a lover but at the same time as a best friend whom I can always rely on even without the affectionate words or romantic stuff. The third type of friendship in my life is the one that I have with my family. I am of those few blessed people who have close-knit relatives and family. The friendship I have with them may not be similar with the first two friendships I have discussed. Ours is much understood and profound. They are the ones whom I know will stay with me despite my weaknesses and faults because I was born related to them. It is sort of permanent in nature that once damaged, the scars would always be traceable. The fourth type of friendship that I believe to be as important as the previous ones I have mentioned would be the friendship that I have with myself. It is equally important with the external friendships that I have because it is responsible for a person’s well-being and personal development. The ability to treat oneself as a friend produces a much better relationship and friendship with other people. It amounts to the idea that one must first love oneself before he/she can love others. The fifth and last but definitely not the least is my friendship with God. Without this type of friendship, how could one see the beauty of life and befriend it? One may probe how can I claim such if the existence of this â€Å"Friend† is even physically questionable. The strength of my faith is the sole proof of friendship that I have with Him. This may be quite hard to characterize, for only people with the same kind of friendship can comprehend what I am trying to explain. Presenting all these types of friendships also reveals the different characters that mold my personality. Each relationship illustrates a different definition and function that I must deliver. I am a friend, a lover, a sister/brother, and a daughter/son with responsibilities to fulfill in my attempt to develop myself as well as these friendships.

Shopping Malls and the Malaysian Lifestyle

Shopping Malls and the Malaysian Lifestyle 1.0 Introduction Shopping mall is inevitably the main focal point in many Malaysia city and shopping has become the Malaysian favorite pastime during weekends. Moreover, series of mega sales and discount events have encouraged the act of consumption, turning the shopping center become one of vital element in our lifestyle. The role of shopping center is gradually replacing existing public space in many modern Asian cities where the people do not have public parks or squares to hangout. Instead, a weekend family affair may just spend in the movie theatre or restaurants inside shopping mall. Therefore, shopping center is evolving into a new force whose impact should not be neglected. Nowadays, a new kind of shopping center known as the lifestyle center began emerging in Malaysia. According to International Council of Shopping Centers (ICSC), the lifestyle center features an open-air architecture, typically high-end retailers, may or may not include anchor stores, and has a large concentration of dining and entertainment facilities. The properties are usually well landscaped and offer outdoor artwork, music, and trams or trolleys for on-site transportation. It is intended to support a shopping as entertainment mindset and has become highly popular in affluent communities. We can see the emerge of lifestyle malls in Greater Kuala Lumpur especially suburban Kuala Lumpur such as 1Mont Kiara, The Curve, Jaya One, Wangsa Walk, Sunway Giza, Alamanda Putrajaya and the list goes on. Originated in US, lifestyle center combining the traditional retail functions of a shopping mall with leisure amenities in a town square or main street setting have become common in affluent suburban areas and are now one of the most popular retail formats in US. However, in Malaysia, the professionals are keener to recognize it as Lifestyle Mall since most of them are indoor setting but incorporated with outdoor walking mall. Thus, hereinafter, I will use the term lifestyle mall in describing the Malaysia context. 2.0 Problem Statement The emergence of lifestyle malls poses interesting question for urbanism in Malaysia. Cities in the Malaysia especially Greater Kuala Lumpur are characterized by sprawling suburban, which a pattern of development being criticized by several theorists. According to Jane Jacobs in her book The Death and Life of Great American Cities, she arguing that modernist planning policies that promoted highway construction has been destroyed many existing inner-city communities (Jacobs, 1961). After that, others writers such as Joel Garreau, Dolores Hayden and Robert Bruegmann agreed that suburban sprawl occurred to the destructive of urban life in America (Garreau, 1991; Hayeden Wark, 2004; Bruegmann, 2006). Furthermore, most of the critics on the rapid suburbanization that occurred in America as well as Malaysia, is the changing of urban and social fabric in several ways, both physically and socially. According to Harriet Tregoning, he states that cars have become necessary to working, shopping and living in suburban cities. The growing dependence on automobiles necessitated by low density, sprawling land use has important implications. People living in more sprawling regions tend to drive greater distance, own more cars, breathe more polluted air, face a greater risk of traffic fatalities and walk and use transit less. One of the most common arguments is that suburban development isolated residential areas from the commercial areas and working places that served them, thus creating sprawling, inharmonious mix of single family houses, shopping centers and office parks across the suburban landscape (Duanny, 2000; Kunstler, 1993). Many of the physical and social elements that constituted the spirit of the city civic art, civic life as well as public realm were lost in the process of spatial segregation (Garreau, 1991; Duanny, 2000; Hayeden Wark, 2004; Bruegmann, 2006). Suburbanization tends to isolate large groups of society preventing the contact between diverse members of the population that is common in more traditional urban settings. According to Fellmann et all, the upwardly mobile resident of the city-younger, wealthier and better educated- took advantage of the automobile and highway to leave the central city. The poorer and older people were left behind. The central cities and suburbs becam e increasingly differentiated. Krueger and Gibbs stated that Suburbanization produces enormous obstacles to the creation of a sense of identity with the neighborhood of residence, since the links generated are minimal and the lack of social ties makes the construction of a sense of belonging to a place very difficult (Krueger Gibbs, 2007). Duany writes It is difficult to identify a segment of the population that does not suffer in some way from the lifestyle imposed by contemporary suburban development (Duany, 2000). From a social perspective, most critics argue that in suburbia, the private realm is privileged over that of the public. Thus, without adequate public space, there is a severe shortage of venues where social interaction can take place because sharing the public realm, people have their opportunity to interact, and thus come to realize that they have little reason to fear each other. (Duany, 2000) The evolution of shopping center development in Kuala Lumpur began with the opening of the first purpose built supermarkets and emporiums such as Weld Supermarket, Yuyi Emporium and so on. The first shopping complex, Ampang Park arrived in 1973, followed by Campbell Complex, Wisma Stephen, Wisma Central, Sun Complex, Pertama Complex, Wisma MPI and Angkasaraya. These shopping complexes are essentially retail developments located within a podium block of a shopping cum office development. Anchor tenants are nonexistent and the complexes have poor amenities and parking facilities. The retail outlets are generally small and the layout design is poor with little pedestrian circulation and inefficient use of space. Pertama Complex in Jalan Tunku Abdul Rahman is among the first generation shopping complexes in Kuala Lumpur. The second generation of 80s shopping complexes were purpose built shopping complexes such as Sungai Wang Plaza (1978), Bukit Bintang Plaza (1979), Kota Raya (1982), Yow Chuan Plaza (1983), Imbi Plaza (1985), KL Plaza (1985), The Mall (1987), The Weld (1988) and Pudu Plaza (1989). These complexes enjoy good accessibility as they are located on main roads or at busy junctions of arterial or main roads. Ample parking lots are provided and easy entrance and exit points are strategically located for the convenience of shoppers who travel by car. Sg Wang Plaza, one of the popular shopping centers situated in Bukit Bintang shopping district of Kuala Lumpur. The shopping complexes have much better design and the adoption of a balanced tenant mix has taken stage in the overall planning, leasing and design of the complexes. The size, distribution and layout of the retail lots are also carefully planned and designed. Anchor tenants such as Metrojaya, AEON Jusco, Isetan, Parkson are used as magnets and are purposely located to facilitate the flow of shoppers in the complexes. With rapid economic growth and urbanization in the Klang Valley, a wide range of social and economic factors have combined to influence the trends in shopping center development. The third generation of shopping centers, from the 1990s to the present, has seen the birth of new giants, with the size determine the winner of competition. Mega sized centers with vast retail space, often spanning more than two million square feet and with multiple anchor tenants, multiple mini anchors and a host of shop lots. Huge car parks accommodating more than 3000 vehicles are common, with a network of internal roads and access to main roads and highways. These mega shopping centers are usually located in the suburbs and they include Sunway Pyramid, Mid Valley Megamall, One Utama Shopping Center, and Tropicana City Mall and so on. Perhaps being huge assures success. All the mega sized shopping centers have their individual niche markets and are thriving even facing competition with each others. For example, Sunway Pyramid integrated with its own planned resort Sunway Lagoon. Without exception, all shopping centers must have good or exceptional merchandise mix and strong retail attractions in order to succeed in the face of stiff competition. Mid Valley Megamall, the Malaysias largest suburban shopping center with 3 anchor tenants located in Bangsar. The trend is moving towards hypermarkets, which may be supplanting some of the old pop and mom style grocery business. Hypermarkets are typically huge stand alone supermarket and department store type retail outlets. Carrefour, Tesco, Giant are mushrooming over the suburban cities throughout Peninsular Malaysia. For example, Giant, the largest retailer in Malaysia are currently operates 107 stores nationwide and there are more stores opening soon. On the other hand, Tesco has operates 36 stores throughout Peninsular Malaysia to date. Giant Hypermarket, the largest retailer in Malaysia is operating more than 100 stores throughout Malaysia. The major factors which have contributed towards the emergence of suburban shopping centers and hypermarkets are due to the suburbanization of residential development. With limited land available for residential development in the city, housing has spread to the surrounding land at the city fringes with vast space of available lands. With provision of road infrastructure, the young, mobile, rich and middle class families who demand for bigger homes and more luxurious features and better quality of living have migrated to the suburbs. Many of these residential developments have taken the form of new townships and self contained neighborhoods such as Subang Jaya, Petaling Jaya, Damansara and the list goes on. Retail followed as families continued to move from central cities to the suburbs. Besides, the increases of female employments also lead to the emergence of suburban shopping center and hypermarkets. More females are entering the workforce which will directly affect the retailing pattern. It is because the addition of household incomes has increased the purchasing power. Moreover, women engaged in full time employment have less time for shopping. Thus, it results the increase of bulk buying and reduction in frequency of shopping trips. However, the shopping has turned into a family affair. Thus, it is essential to provide all in one shopping activities including shopping, food, entertainment and leisure with more emphasize on convenience, comfort and family oriented attractions and entertainment. While suburban malls only served the retail needs of suburban residents, critics began to argue that they eliminated any chance communities have for possessing physical continuity on the urban fabric since they usually located along the main route (Torino, 2005). Developers of suburban malls tend to overlook the role of shopping center as a forum of public gathering and social interaction. However, the suburban malls are not public spaces at all; they are designed for single purpose: consumption. Victor Gruen, the architect of the first modern suburban shopping mall in United States, recognized the breakdown of traditional community bonds are driven by uncontrollable suburban sprawl. Thus, Gruen envisioned the suburban mall to serve as the new town center which is dense, mixed use environments that could take place of traditional main streets and town squares. Gruen realized that the process of suburbanization was weakening the social bonds in a society that was fostered mainly in close knit rural communities and dense urban settlements. (Torino, 2005) Gruens idea was to make shopping malls more pedestrian friendly, which he achieved by putting the entire development under one roof, with stores on two levels connected by escalators and fed by two-tiered parking. In the middle of the mall was a town square, which featured a garden court under a skylight, a fishpond, enormous sculpted trees, a twenty-one-foot cage filled with exotic birds, balconies with hanging plants, and a cafà © (Gladwell, 2004). However, Gruens vision of shopping mall failed to function as town centers due to several reasons. In contrast to traditional town centers, which were extroverted, meaning that store windows and entrances faced both the parking areas and the interior pedestrian walkways, indoor malls were introverted: the exterior walls presented a blank faà §ade, and all of the activity was focused inward (Gladwell, 2004). According to Michael Sorkin, the design of shopping malls tends to reinforce the domestic values and physical order of suburbia, r ather than rectify it. In his book Variations on a Theme Park, Sorkin states, Like the suburban house that rejects the sociability of front porches and sidewalks for private back yards, malls look inward, turning their backs on the public street (Sorkin, 1992). Since most malls are located in the middle of vast parking lots set well off the street, what Sorkin refers to as pedestrian islands in an asphalt sea, their physical setting represents yet another crack in the already fragmented suburban landscape (Sorkin, 1992). Another reason why malls have failed to function as the traditional town centers that Gruen envisioned is that they are, by and large, built for a single purpose retail. According to Kevin Mattson, Whereas in cities, towns, and villages, public space invites mixed usage and contains churches, schools, courts, theaters, civic buildings and stores, malls are exclusively commercial. Access and architecture together conspire to make buying and selling the only thinkable activities (Mattson, 2009). Mattson argues that since malls are the only public spaces left in many parts of the country, they must become more like real towns with a mixture of uses: If commerce is not to become the sole activity we engage in when we are in public, malls must offer alternative activities civic, cultural, athletic, political, and recreational that define us as citizens as well as consumers (Mattson, 2009). Many urban scholars have pointed to the obvious fact that shopping malls are not true public spaces, but privatized ones where management ultimately reserves the right to limit access. In his book The Right to the City: Social Justice and the Fight for Public Space, Don Mitchell touches on the idea that malls are exclusive places, where certain groups and behaviors are not welcome (rowdy teenagers, the homeless, and political demonstrations, for example). Mitchell also comments that malls are heavily patrolled by private security forces and are subject to constant surveillance (Mitchell, 2003). Malcolm Voyce has noted that malls do not coincide with the need for an open and democratic public space and that their private nature limits and controls diversity (Voyce, 2006). Private ownership and restricted access, therefore, undermine the shopping malls ability to function as a true, democratic public space. The recent trends mark the emergence of lifestyle malls mushrooming at the suburban Klang Valley. To be named a few: The Curve, the pioneer lifestyle mall in Malaysia; Sunway Pyramid, Jaya One, Wangsa Walk, Alamanda Putrajaya, Axis Atrium, Sunway Giza which are operating; SSTwo Mall, 1Mont Kiara, Subang Avenue, Citta, Setia Walk, Setia Avenue and the list goes on which are on construction to join the lifestyle demand. Therefore, it is not strange that Business Week Magazine has referred the lifestyle malls as the Shopping Center of the 21st Century. The above lifestyle malls share several commons. Design ambience reflecting a main street motif is great emphasized. The developers often cite a large emphasis on food and entertainment, elements that further contribute to the atmosphere of the project. Parking is also a major concern where it is usually arranged in structures or placed underground (Malmuth, 2005). Moreover, the inclusion of mixed uses also can be found in the quality of lifestyle malls. The inclusion of non retail uses is what sets apart lifestyle malls from other retail developments, to the extent that certain developer, such as Sime UEP Brunsfield, will claim that the word lifestyle is meaningless if residential component is not incorporated. The rise of lifestyle mall also raises other important questions, particularly about how and whether the shopping centers also function as public spaces. Perhaps the most important factor leading to the emergence of lifestyle malls, however, and the focus of this thesis, is the recognition of the increasing importance of shopping centers as public spaces in suburban life. Outside of urban centers, suburbia offers very few public gathering places. Therefore, strolling through suburban malls has become the favorite pastime during weekends. It is however important to realize that the main concern of shopping center is still concern about commercial activities. While the fact is, people do not only shop in a mall, they do hangout and socialize in the same time. Besides, there are also critics on the suburban shopping malls that reinforce unsustainable suburban sprawl. Some argue that lifestyle centers represent part of an effort to reduce the effects of suburban sprawl, through the reint roduction of traditional mixed use setting. Other argues that they are only tools to earn since they are privately owned, carefully controlled. Therefore, do lifestyle malls truly represent better forms of public space than conventional malls? Developers of lifestyle malls seem to have realized that improved retail design can act as a forum for social activity as well as a source of increased revenue (Torino, 2005). If so, are they alternatives to malls as models for public space in suburban? Do lifestyle malls represent a new typology of quasi public space? And how public are those lifestyle malls? 3.0 Aim This research aims to examine the emergence of lifestyle malls of their ability to function as public space. 4.0 Objectives 4.1 To examine the publicness of lifestyle malls. 4.2 To determine the perception of shoppers experiences towards the function of lifestyle malls. 4.3 To recognize the lifestyle malls as a new form of public space in suburban. 5.0 Research Questions 5.1 How public are lifestyle malls? 5.2 How do the shoppers perceive the lifestyle malls role? 5.3 How lifestyle malls represent a new form of public space in suburban? 6.0 Outline of Methodology To answer these questions, a variety of methods will be applied. The overall methods are qualitative. Research which is primarily based on journals, articles and others. Attempt to examine the characteristic of public space in order to identify the function of lifestyle malls as public space in the context of ideas by theorists such as George Varna, Steve Tiesdell, Adam Tyndall, Kevin Lynch, W. Lewis Dijkstra, Jan Gehl as well as Project of Public Space. Interviews with planners and developers, member of Malaysian Association for Shopping and Highrise Complex Management Brief discussion regarding the trend of shopping centers in Malaysia, planning and development of selected lifestyle malls. Surveys of shoppers experience at lifestyle malls. Survey on the perceptions of shoppers towards lifestyle malls as social focus and public space. Observation Observation on the physical design of lifestyle mall, degree to the mixed tenants and how the public use the spaces. 7.0 Structure of the Thesis Chapter 1 Suburban development in Greater Kuala Lumpur, trend of shopping center in Malaysia Chapter 2 Discussion on the role of public space and how lifestyle mall fit into the context of public space Chapter 3 Case Studies Chapter 4 Survey results obtained at each lifestyle malls, observation on the quality of public space, design, level of mixed use, community events sponsored by each lifestyle mall Chapter 5 Concludes with a discussion of results and implications of the research. 8.0 Expected Output The expected output will be: Able to assess whether lifestyle mall in Greater Kuala Lumpur can function as public space. Able to determine that lifestyle mall can be another form of public space in suburban Kuala Lumpur. Able to recognize the characteristics of lifestyle mall that contribute to creation of public space.

Sound the Jubilee :: Essays Papers

Sound the Jubilee Slaves lived terrible lives; always being told what to do and how to live, what to eat and who to converse with. But what if all that could change? What if slaves could be free to live their own lives? That’s what Sandra Forrester writes about, in the book Sound the Jubilee. The main characters in the book are Maddie, a young slave girl, and her family, Titus, Ella, Angeline, and Pride. Titus is a sweet, strong, loving father; Ella is a kind, firm, loving mother; Angeline is Maddie’s older sister, who always does everything perfectly; and Pride is Maddie’s unhealthy baby brother. The setting is during the Civil War, from 1861-1865 at River Bend Plantation, Nags Head, and Roanoke Island. Maddie and her family are house slaves on a North Carolina plantation; their problem is how to get to freedom. The solution? When she and her family are sent with their mistress to Roanoke Island because of invading Yankees, they run for freedom. Once the Yankees take over the island, the government gives aid to all the runaway slaves and provides them with jobs and the resources to start new lives. I think the author shows how the season changes very clearly throughout the book. For example, when summer came to Roanoke Island it was stated clearly at the beginning of the chapter, (pg 92, paragraph 1). Or when autumn came to Roanoke Island, the author describes it clearly as crisp, cool, and early, (pg. 110, paragraph 3). Summer was also described again clearly as especially hot and miserable, (pg. 132, paragraph 2). The S.C.I. point that relates most to this book is The Nature of Life is to Grow. In many of the chapters at least one of the characters grows in some way.

Macbeth - Manipulation :: essays research papers

When we first hear about Macbeth from the sergeant’s report, we are led to believe that he is very much a person who does only what he believes is right. Furthermore, when he first appears in the play, his fellow nobleman, Banquo, accompanies him. Given this, we would think that he does what is right, and makes all his own decisions. However this belief is proven wrong. Although Macbeth starts off as a loyal subject of Duncan, he is ambitious and this is a weakness, which allows him to be manipulated by a few factors in the play. From the beginning of act 1 scene 5 till the murder of Duncan in act 2 scene 2, it is evident that Lady Macbeth manipulates and convinces Macbeth into murdering Duncan. This is basically the only part of the play where Lady Macbeth has control over Macbeth. After Duncan’s murder, Macbeth is partly driven by evil powers. Proof of Lady Macbeth understanding Macbeth’s thoughts and feelings are visible in her thoughts "Thou wouldst be great, Art not without ambition, but without the illness should attend it." (1.5.19-21). From the very same speech and small implications from the letter, we can tell that Macbeth was ambitious enough to want to be the King, but would not think of murdering Duncan. Because Lady Macbeth knew this, she also knew that she would have to push Macbeth into performing the deed and she starts by telling him "Thy letters have transported me beyond this ignorant present and I feel now the future in the present" (1.5.57-59) the moment they meet. From Macbeth’s reply "We will speak further" (1.5.69) he is obviously noncommittal, but was already thinking about it. The first step of manipulation has started. Not much further in the play, we see that Macbeth decides not to murder Duncan but rather, carry on serving as his Thane. However, Lady Macbeth starts her persuasion again, but this time she questions his manhood, saying "When you durst do it, then you were a man: And to be more then what you were you would be so much more the man." (1.7.49-51). Had she not challenged his manhood and his love for her, he would not have usurped the throne and she would not have become a Queen. Not only did she get him to think about the murder, she even knew what to say after he had started thinking about the murder. Macbeth - Manipulation :: essays research papers When we first hear about Macbeth from the sergeant’s report, we are led to believe that he is very much a person who does only what he believes is right. Furthermore, when he first appears in the play, his fellow nobleman, Banquo, accompanies him. Given this, we would think that he does what is right, and makes all his own decisions. However this belief is proven wrong. Although Macbeth starts off as a loyal subject of Duncan, he is ambitious and this is a weakness, which allows him to be manipulated by a few factors in the play. From the beginning of act 1 scene 5 till the murder of Duncan in act 2 scene 2, it is evident that Lady Macbeth manipulates and convinces Macbeth into murdering Duncan. This is basically the only part of the play where Lady Macbeth has control over Macbeth. After Duncan’s murder, Macbeth is partly driven by evil powers. Proof of Lady Macbeth understanding Macbeth’s thoughts and feelings are visible in her thoughts "Thou wouldst be great, Art not without ambition, but without the illness should attend it." (1.5.19-21). From the very same speech and small implications from the letter, we can tell that Macbeth was ambitious enough to want to be the King, but would not think of murdering Duncan. Because Lady Macbeth knew this, she also knew that she would have to push Macbeth into performing the deed and she starts by telling him "Thy letters have transported me beyond this ignorant present and I feel now the future in the present" (1.5.57-59) the moment they meet. From Macbeth’s reply "We will speak further" (1.5.69) he is obviously noncommittal, but was already thinking about it. The first step of manipulation has started. Not much further in the play, we see that Macbeth decides not to murder Duncan but rather, carry on serving as his Thane. However, Lady Macbeth starts her persuasion again, but this time she questions his manhood, saying "When you durst do it, then you were a man: And to be more then what you were you would be so much more the man." (1.7.49-51). Had she not challenged his manhood and his love for her, he would not have usurped the throne and she would not have become a Queen. Not only did she get him to think about the murder, she even knew what to say after he had started thinking about the murder.

Compare Macbeth to a Film Adaptation Essay

In William Shakespeare’s â€Å"Macbeth† the audience witness’s one man’s overriding ambitions to his iconic fall. Shakespeare makes a point of showing the deterioration of the Macbeth that entered the stage in Act 1 and the Macbeth that dies in act 7, showing that even the deep morality and honesty of a man like a man can worsen into a man who is willing to kill his own King – a deadly sin in Shakespeare’s 17th century. Throughout my piece I shall make unifying links between the adaptation directed by Mark Brozel and the original text wrote by none other than Shakespeare. For the period of Act 1, Scene 2, Macbeth is hailed as the very heroic and brave â€Å"Worthy gentleman!† who â€Å"carved out his passage Till he faced the slave;† this suggests two points already, the fact that Macbeth is a graceful fighter who elegantly â€Å"carved† his way through the battle which also suggests that he is as much a perfectionist in the play as he is a cook in the adaptation. The perfection we see in the play is the perfection of murder, how he kills people so wonderfully and gracefully without any shame. Whereas the adaptation shows a more remorseful Macbeth, it pains him to kill animals inhumanely and uses a less murderous way when he has to, he cooks for perfection also, and before his breakdown at his restaurant he refuses to serve the food late when it was ready at the time, saying â€Å"you can’t keep perfection under the light†, only a perfectionist would inherit such a trait. Plus, he mentions that †the first rule in the kitchen is respect†. In Act 1 Scene 3, you begin to see Macbeth’s character really emerge. In the play Macbeth is intrigued by the witches, this highlights two point, he wants to know more â€Å"Stay, you imperfect speakers, tell me more† for the reason of asking more questions, because the idea has been proposed that he shall be king and Cawdor. However Joe Macbeth laughs at the idea of being the head chef at his Duncan’s restaurant, he finds it delusional and this is the main difference between the two. The Play’s Macbeth is already showing signs of being delusional from the â€Å"aside† side notes but the Macbeth of the adaptation is calmer, more collected. Macbeth battles with himself to then only later write Lady Macbeth a letter telling her all about what has happened. This is because Macbeth in the play is very insecure Macbeth; he is so overrun by the idea that he can be king he begins to speak to himself as â€Å"aside† followed by the quote of â€Å"Gl amis, and thane of Cawdor! The greatest is behind† showing his yearning for power and how his desires, in this case the desire to even have a chance of being king, suddenly take control of his actions and this becomes his tragic flaw. It prevents him from becoming aware of when to stop and think about the consequences; alternatively the Macbeth in the film is more aware of his actions, when forced to fire his two chefs he does so but his guilt consumes him, he realises the tragic outcome of his actions and how his two employees won’t be able to follow their dreams, so he all willingly gives them a large sum of money, this is something the play scripts Macbeth would never do, because he is unaware of the outcomes of his actions. The second point is how intrigued Macbeth is in the play when he is proposed with the idea of becoming the Thane of Cawdor and the King himself; he doesn’t plan the death of Duncan because, to build on my point earlier, he doesn’t want to kill Duncan, Duncan is aware of how morally wrong it is and the guilt that will live with him. He is just interested by the idea of being the King and Duncan just happens to be in his way. His motivation is fuelled by desire and ambition, however what you see in Joe Macbeth is different – Joe, when proposed with the idea of being head chef laughs, but soon gains interest later, but the interest is because he would get to kill Duncan and this is shown by the jealous looks given at the beginning of the play, his motivation is fuelled by jealousy. Joe Macbeth even before considering the idea of being head chef starts to plan Duncan’s murder, this is evident in the scene where Duncan takes Joe Macbeth aside and Joe tells Duncan â€Å"the chance of you being run over by a bus are zero† this shows that Joe has started considering the idea of it happening even before telling Lady Macbeth about the witches prophecies or taking into account the idea of being the head chef. In the play Macbeth seems to be in awe of King Duncan, Macbeth feels any work done on the request of or for Duncan is not work at all, but duty, Macbeth admires Duncan as a King and respects him as I quote â€Å"The service and the loyalty I owe In doing it pays itself. Your highness’ part Is to receive our duties, and our duties Are to your throne and state children and servant† (Act 1, Scene 4) Macbeth and Duncan have a respected relationship, one where they are grateful of each other and admire one another in the first Act, this makes the murder of Duncan even harder and that’s why he chooses to murder Duncan at night. His hand can commit the murder without his eye having to witness it. Somehow this will make the guilt and betrayal less. Macbeth changes throughout as his character develops, in comparison to the relationship between Duncan and Macbeth in the film adaptation is to a certain extent, unalike. When asked about a recipe of Duncan’s Macbeth replies with a jealous voice â€Å"yes, that’s mine† the relationship between Duncan and Joe Macbeth is strained. Joe knows he is the reason the restaurant is so successful and it pains him to lose credit where credit is due .Joe is envious of Duncan, this is confirmed through the first confrontation between the two and how Joe uses only â€Å"Duncan† as a greeting, to represent his cold emotionless feelings towards Duncan.