Geography Pedestrian Survey

For this survey, the whole class worked as a group. We started by being given a grided map of Halifax's Central Business District and a small area surrounding it. Our teacher kept a copy of this as the master map. Each square on the map could be identified like the one below. This made identification of points easy. On this map there were (number) points marked by dots (see above) in the Central Business District and beyond. These were then grouped together into groups of approximately seven. The class was then split into pairs, and each pair was then allocated one of the groups of dots. The reason for working in pairs is so that one person could time and one could count the people passing. It was also for safety reasons. Before we started the count, we worked out some rules or guidelines for the whole class to follow. These were to * To count all people that passed, including babies in prams. * To not count pets/ animals * To count everyone on ONE side of the road only, except in precinct locations where everyone in the precinct was counted. A time limit of 5 minutes per point was decided. Each pair then went to their separate points to start counting/ timing. My pair had 6 points to count, so for 3 points person A timed and person B counted, and for the other 3 points, person A counted and B timed. The timer was started at the same time as the other half of the pair began counting. Every person was recorded as a tally on a table like the one below. Each point was named as the grid reference of the square it was in. After 5 minutes the timer was stopped, and the tally totalled. This was repeated for all 6 points. After they had all been done, we reported back and recorded our results on the master map along with the rest of the groups' results. We were all given a copy of this map so we had records for all the points surveyed. We used a tally to count al the pedestrians as it is easy to put a dash for every person and the results could be totalled quickly. This was especially useful in busy locations, where large groups of people were passing at once. We set the time limit because then the whole groups' results would be done over that amount of time. The time limit was set as 5 minutes because this would give us a reasonable time to count for, and the results would not be too high or too low. Problems/ Anomalies Our particular pair did not encounter many problems, but many of the other groups did. The only problem we had that could have affected the results was that the point nearest the bus station could have been affected by buses coming in and out. At the time we counted there weren't many buses, so the tally could have been higher at a different time of day. Here is a list of the problems encountered, as well as some other things that could have affected the survey in any way, and how I overcame them. * The weather, day of the week, date and time were recorded because any of these may have affected the survey. For example, the weather could affect the survey as if it was dry then there would be people outside than if it were raining. The day of the week could affect the survey because there would be a different number of people in town on weekdays than at weekends. The date was important, as there may be more people who would come into town at certain times of the year, for example at Christmas or at holiday seasons. The time of day could affect numbers of people if it was half day for example. Also the closing and opening times of shops must be taken into consideration. * In Halifax's Central Business District there are changes being made, and new buildings being built which occasionally meant that all pedestrians had to walk on one side of the road. This would have affected the results. * A very similar problem was that where roads were being resurfaced or dug up, pedestrians also had to walk around these, creating a disruption in pedestrian flow. * One pair found that they were standing outside the entrance to an office at lunch- time, so large groups of workers created an unusually high pedestrian density. This was because the survey was conducted around lunch- time. If it had been carried out at a different time of day then this would not have been a problem. * There were often a lot of people on streets that were important routes (to the bus station for example) this could mean that high pedestrian densities were found in areas where the other predictions of Central Business District properties weren't necessarily true. For example there may be poor shopping quality and a high pedestrian count if the road led to the Station. In this aspect the survey is flawed, but not many surveys are perfect. As so many points were done, one or two anomalies shouldn't matter too much. * The master map that was used to share out the points and on which all our results were recorded hadn't been photocopied very well. This meant that four points were presumed to be marks on the map and weren't given to anyone to survey. These were F5, F7, F8 and F10. No results were got for these points, but a reasonable estimate can be made using the results form previous surveys carried out at similar times on the same day of the week by another class. I also looked at the points in neighbouring grid squares to try and make a reasonable estimate. When these were compared with the results from the other group, they were found to be very similar. Anomalies * At F5, there were 147 pedestrians counted. This is a very high number for an area not really close to the centre of Halifax's Central Business District, or an area without department stores. This could have been because it is near Netto's and a busy newsagents and crossroads. Other Possible Problems * Groups of school children or any other unusually large groups of people in quiet areas could be a problem. * If a pair were counting outside the theatre and a film had just finished or was just starting, then more people would be around and also on the streets leading to it, especially if it was a new or popular film. * Large sales at big shops (e.g. the ‘Next' sale) often draw large crowds, and people will often queue to get in. This would also create pedestrian anomalies. Was The Survey Successful? These problems prove that the survey was not flawless but the results I got will give me an idea of pedestrian density in Halifax and where the busiest and most quiet areas are. I have covered everywhere in Halifax, but I don't feel that this would be very reasonable. There are gaps in the survey, but it would take a very long time and a lot of people to do a more accurate survey, and I don't think that the results I have would be further improved to make this worthwhile. I have enough data to be able to display in different ways and investigate further. In the next chapter I will start to evaluate these results and look for patterns and relationships. How Could the Survey Be Improved? The survey could have been improved by any of the following methods- * Counting at more points to get a more accurate result. * Repeating the survey at different times on different days, or at the same time on the same day a week later and comparing the results. If this was done, a more accurate picture could be seen, and anomalies more easily spotted. Land Use Survey To carry out this survey, I got a map of Halifax that was on a large enough scale to have every building in it's Central Business District on it. I then thought of all the possible land uses of the buildings in the Central Business District and put them into groups of similar uses e.g. chain stores/ department stores. I then assigned a letter and colour to each of these groups. I gave each group a letter because this could be written onto the map when I was in Halifax and was easier than taking a lot of coloured pencils. I gave each a colour so that I could colour each shop when I got home to make the results clearer. I then went into Halifax to carry out the survey. To carry out this survey I took the map of Halifax ‘s Central Business District, the key and a pencil to mark the letter on each building. I started in one corner of Halifax and walked along every street, marking the buildings as I went. To do the whole of Halifax would have been unreasonable, so I decided to mark groups of similar buildings, even if there may have been the odd one which wasn't in that category. I also went into the Tourist Information to find some more maps and information on Halifax. These helped me fill in any buildings that I had missed. Problems Here is a list of some of the problems that I encountered whilst carrying out the survey. * Some buildings had more than one use on different floors. In this case I recorded the most important use. In cases such as the Piece Hall, they were both classed as one type of shop, because most of the shops there are selling craft item or food. * The main problem I had was that Halifax is undergoing a lot of changes at the moment and a new set of shops was under construction in Woolshops. As the changes are very recent, none of the maps that I have show the new shops, and I had to either draw them in or colour the area as ‘under- construction'. By the time I have finished this project, the shops are likely to be finished, so it is possible that I can update the results then. * Some of the shops were so small that I couldn't fit a letter on them. To overcome this problem, I grouped shops of similar types. Possible Problems * If the town had been any bigger, then survey would have been much more difficult to do, as it would take hours to do every single shop. Was the Survey Successful? I think that the methods I used worked well and using a map and finishing the survey at home saved time. As the point of the survey is to get a general pattern of where the different types of land use that occur in Halifax's Central Business District, I don't think that colouring every single building would have been necessary. Colouring in blocks of similar shops saved time, and though some areas may not have been strictly accurate, the general pattern will not be affected. The survey will help show patterns and groups of similar shops as well as where the main shopping areas are, and where the main business areas are. It should also be related to the Peak Land Value Intersection, but I will investigate this in the next chapter. How Could the Survey Be Improved? The survey could have been improved by any of the following measures- * I could have looked at every single shop- this would have been possible if lots of people did the survey together and put their results together. * A newer map would have created a more up-to-date result. * An even bigger scale map would let me write the names of the shops on, but this isn't really necessary. Model Central Business District To start this survey, I firstly formulated some question to compare Halifax to a model Central Business District. I then got a map of Halifax and worked out where its centre was (See finding the centre of Halifax's Central Business District) and then used a compass to draw concentric circles moving outwards from the centre of Halifax. I drew 6 circles at equal intervals to represent the zones of Halifax's Central Business District and took this map into Halifax. Once in Halifax, I walked through each of the zones and answered the questions while I was there. I also used a map if I was unsure of any of the answers and this helped me when I was back at home. Every question was either a yes or no answer, so most of the time this wasn't a problem. I started in the innermost zone and answered all the questions while I was there, before moving outwards and answering all the questions for the next zone and so on until I had covered most of the areas on my map. Problems There were some problems that I encountered whilst doing this survey. These were- * It was often quite difficult to tell exactly where the zones started and finished, and some zones included a lot of road and some didn't contain any. * Some questions, like the one about building height, are affected by the fact that Halifax's Central Business District buildings are protected. This is because they are of historical value and may mean that they aren't very tall. This would not normally be the case in a Central Business District. * Parking is actually allowed in Halifax's Central Business District but a lot of it is voucher parking. * Some questions were hard to answer; like ‘Wide range of shops?' and ‘high pedestrian counts?' because it was hard to tell where to put the boundaries between high and low pedestrian counts or high and low range of shops. * There are new shops being built at the moment, and it is likely that these will have a high shopping quality, but I can't be sure unless I see them. * It was hard to define the centre of Halifax in the first place, so if it were moved, I would possibly get very different results. * The zones were hard to define in the first place- I was unsure whether to have them as circles, or try to define them by looking at the properties of the different areas and drawing on zones to suit them. Was the Survey Successful? I think that the survey was successful and that using a questionnaire was a good idea. It gave me enough information to be able to make a reasonable comparison in the next chapter. The zones are very hard to define, but I chose to put them at regular intervals, leading out from the centre of the Central Business District. The survey will also help me find patterns, like the land- use survey, and give me a good all round view of the properties of Halifax's Central Business District. In the next chapter I will compare them to the properties of a model Central Business District and see how they relate to each other. How Could the Survey be Improved? The survey could possibly be improved by carrying out a more in-depth study of the position of the centre of the Central Business District. This would ensure that I got the positioning exactly right and zoning correct. This is the only way that I can think of to improve the survey.

The Advantages of Ethical Retail

Retailing The advantages of ethical retail are as follows: Higher revenues. Improved Brand, Business Awareness and Recognition. Better employee Motivation and Recruitment. There are several ethical issues to be considered in retailing. To be a throughly ethical-concerned company, we are going to take some actions to guarantee everyone from the owners to employees in our company know and understand what is ethic and make sure they act ethically during the daily selling practice. 1. Mutual integrity A mutual integrity environment is expected to establish in our company.Employees are required to be honest when dealing with the business and with their co-workers. While the business,its owners and management should be honest in dealing with them. And our company, including owners and employee are required to be honest and ethical when dealing with customers. 2. Development of ethical standards Retail salespeople need guidelines on ethical issues. An ethical standards will be developed and posted by the ethical department. Something simple which commits the business and its employees to certain behavior ought to be clearly and complete to provide a guide to day to day decisions.Because it is found that some salespeople are not aware what is ethical issues, what is the the right thing and what is not. Besides some common sense about ethical issues, there are some misconducts will be listed that they may be not realized. Charge full price for a sale item without the customers’ knowledge. Don’t tell the complete truth to a customer about the characteristics of a product. Sell more expensive product when a less expensive product would be better for the customer. Don’t offer information to the customer about an upcoming sale.Make excuses to customers about unavailable merchandise when merchandise is not in stock or is sold out. Take return from customers when you believe the item should not be accepted. Give preferential treatment to certain customers . Give your employee discount to your friends Sell merchandise that is not of good quality. Don’t Use the Customer Information privately or in other business activities. Employees are required to remember it and act it accordingly. 3. Fair workload employers in our company also need to provide a good working situation for the employees.No excessive pressure and workload of the job are allowed to put on salespeople, which place them in uncomfortable situation. 4. Good ethics demonstration Employers are needed to be ethical-concerned firstly. Employees may follow the behaviors of employers. Poor ethics demonstrated by ourselves or senior management can educate others that the business is prepared to cut corners or deal in areas of grey between what is right and what is wrong. This leads to employees themselves following this behavior and acting against the business but doing no worse than they have seen a more senior person do.When comes to social responsibility and environment concerned,we are going take some actions in our daily retailing practice. 1. Better inventory management Inventory management is the process of efficiently overseeing the constant flow of units into and out of an existing inventory. It helps in controlling the costs associated with the inventory. Since our warehouse where our inventories placed are not located near our retailing store, it needs vehicles to transfer the products when they needed.Through a better inventory management, we can lessen the times of transportation, so as to reduce the pollution of the environment and cost at the same time. 2. Shorten opening time reasonable As it known to all,electricity and water are used during opening time of retailing store. However, electricity are wasted during low consumer flow when only few people in the store. An investigation is conducted to show the consumer flow statistics and we are going to rearrange our opening time accordingly to reduce the electricity and water consumptio n.Environmental friendly packaging Over-packaging or packaging with no-environment friendly material are also needed to be eliminated concerning of environment. Therefor, switching over to environment friendly packaging materials is our first step. Recycle Bags are going to sell in low price in our retailing store instead of plastic bags. Consumers who bring the bag back can have 10% discount at all items. It is a good way to avoid plastic pollution, in the other hand, it is also a good promotion way. 4. Undertaking activities that are beneficial to the societyTo build good ethical-concerned image of our company, we plan to undertake activities that are beneficial to the society. For example, this season, our theme is about pets. We consider to join a series of activities held by PETA, People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals, it is the largest animal rights organization in the world, with more than 3 million members and supporters. To show our company is animal-friendly, we are going to join â€Å"Shopping Guide to Compassionate Clothing: Vegan Companies† of PETA, which defines as company sells only animal-friendly, cruelty-free products. Promotion 1.Public-interested ad Public-interested advertisements about every season’s ethical emphasis are going to made. This season,considering our brand is sportswear and the ethical emphasis is animal rights, we are going to place our advertisements at the paths and space specially for pets and their owners, for instance Wan Dog Park, Pet World, Peel Rise, Discovery Bay, Sai Kung, Clearwater Bay and so on. Considering our target customers who are animal-lovers , they play with their pets in casual wear. They may be attracted by our public-interested ad: a man in our clothing playing with dogs harmoniously.

Materials homework assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Materials homework - Assignment Example Moreover, HMAC technology permits asphalt concrete to the range of 50 to 100 degrees Fahrenheit cooler compared to the PCC resulting to the reduction in terms of the temperature, which substantially decreases energy utilization at the mixing plant and consequently lessen greenhouse gas emissions during production. HMAC production concrete drastically decrease the quantity volatile organic compound emissions thus eradicating the smoke and odor related to the PCC, bricks, gravel and stabilized earth. HMAC production lowers production temperature that normally results to oxidation of the asphalt mix during the traditional hot-mix asphalt production process. This leaves efficient asphalt within the mix by aiding in the reduction of the aging impact of the asphalt. Aging impact results to brittleness and cracking. Moreover, HMAC possesses the potential for increased compaction over the PCC, bricks, gravel and stabilized earth, which aids in reducing potential damage to the streets due to the recurrent loading over period. Engineering wood is the best for building two stories house within the Oregon coast having sustainability goal. Oregon coast has higher humidity levels and the engineering wood is more suitable since it is more resistant to relatively higher moisture and steady. Engineering wood is also not susceptible to swelling due to alteration in temperature thus adding attractions within the basements or within the regions possessing relatively higher humidity levels. The wood also works efficiently under the floor heating systems due to its stability. Engineering wood normally has a thickness of 15mm hence offers greater stability and long-term usage. Natural finish of the building will consists of very board of multiple layers of the timber that bonded together. The underlying outermost of 4mm of engineering hardwood will act as an option to the solid

South Korea Market Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

South Korea Market - Assignment Example Through planning, direct or indirect ownership and control of enterprises and financial institutions, regulation of foreign exchange, and implementation of appropriate monetary and fiscal policies, the Government played a crucial role in making market adjustments and maximizing incentives. This was aimed at pursuing the fulfillment of its desired economic, social, political, and cultural objectives. However, economic success, the increase in complexity of the economy, the emergence of a more democratic and pluralistic society, and increasing international competitiveness were crucial factors in bringing about a decline in governments’ role in the South Korean economy. The reformist thrust of government economic policy, realized in the 1980s, was underlined by the renowned emphasis on the need for greater efficiency in the economy. In addition, it improved labor productivity and enhanced competitiveness in order to meet the demands of globalization. The admission of South Korea , in December 1996, to membership of the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) was another watershed, which heightened the importance of economic reform, which is a step away from negativity – the Asian financial crisis, which highlighted long-standing structural weaknesses in the South Korean economy (Paik 69). Demographic Information of South Korea South Korea is, in fact, regarded as one of the world’s most densely populated countries, with 440 people per square kilometer. However, most people are concentrated in the major cities (Lie 16). The principal cities in South Korea include Seoul, Busan, Daegu, Ulsan, and Incheon. In these four cities, the population density is about two-thirds of the whole population of South Korea (Caselli 129). The country’s capital city is Seoul. It covers about 12% of the total country’s area. Like the other cities, it is home to approximately 45% of the country’s population; as such, the 3r d largest and populated urban center in the world. Current statistics show that more than 50% of the immigrants are moving to the capital city. Indeed, it has been speculated that about 55% of the national population will be living in the capital city. South Korea is officially recognized as the Republic of Korea with an area of 99,268 km2. According to information published by the World Bank, the total population is 48.747 million by 2009. Figure I. Republic of South Korea (Source: U.S. Department par. 1) The official language in the region is Korean, and it is closely related to Mongolian and Japanese. Although there is a clear difference in grammar with the Chinese language, a large number of the Chinese cognates still exist in the Korean language. Modern Korean articulates to hangul—a phonetic writing system—in their writings. The country borders North Korea on its Northern part. The country is also surrounded by a mass of water encompassing the Sea of Japan and th e Yellow Sea. It is separated from Japan by the Sea of Japan (Paik 77). Korea’s ethnical group has been regarded as the most linguistically homogenous in the whole world. The region is occupied by Koreans, however, about 20,000 people of Chinese descendants occupy some parts of the country. Indeed, all Koreans have a common linguistic and cultural heritage. The South Korean political system is based on the Republican form of governance. The President is the Head of State, and the Prime Minister acts as the Head of Government. The power is shared between the legislature, executive, and judiciary. Currently, the South Korean president is Lee Myung-bak, while the Prime Minister is Han Seung-soo.

ASDA Case Analysis Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

ASDA Case Analysis - Assignment Example The company had acquired loans to facilitate its expansion and it was therefore necessary for the organization to develop new measures to ensure profitability. The management was unable to ensure that the new stores were profitable. Communication between employees and the management is a serious issue for any organization. There was a breakdown in communication between the management and lower level employees in the organization. The management structure in an organization can limit communication and ASDA had placed a structure that prohibited effective communication. 2. The organization faced serious management issues ranging from lack of motivation for workers to poor financial decisions. According to the motivational theory, employees can only perform when they are given flexibility and the chance to succeed. At ASDA, creativity from the employees was continuously repressed and they lacked the ambition to succeed in the work place. In addition, leadership theories such as transactional theory suggest that leadership is about focusing on the set goals and motivating employees to achieve these goals. At ASDA, these problems created a vacuum, which in turn brought about uncertainty. The financial crunch at the time and bad management were therefore responsible for the issues at ASDA. The goal setting theory states that organization should set goals. The management should therefore have set clear goals to avoid the issues. Strategies adopted by Hardman introduced a dictatorial culture in the organization that inhibited creativity from the employe es. 3. It was clear to Norman that the culture in the organization needed an overhaul so that it could accommodate all employees and attract new customers. In addition, the shareholders needed to trust the organization once more. To achieve this, it was important to change employee attitude at ASDA. This should have been

Radiography Diagnostic Imagery Program Scholarship Essay

Radiography Diagnostic Imagery Program - Scholarship Essay Example When a person gets an illness there is no greater relief than knowing what disease you are suffering from. This way the medical community can immediately put a treatment plan into action. obtaining the bursary award would greatly help in my aspiration to graduate from the Radiography Diagnostic Imagery program. This program is a tremendous opportunity for me. I know that upon completion of the program I will have all the necessary skills and abilities to succeed in the real world. This career will enable me to become financially independent. The median salary of a radiographer in the United Kingdom is over 38,440 pounds per year. I would like to gain experience to eventually open up my own clinic. One of my aspirations upon graduating from this program is to go back to my homeland of Africa and give back to the community.In the current global medical environment, there is a shortage of talented professionals across the world. The shortage of manpower is evident in both develop and un derdeveloped countries. In the underdeveloped parts of the world such as Africa, the need for healthcare professionals is greater than any other part of the world. One of the problems in the African region is that there are very few educational institutions, thus the country is not graduating enough professionals to keep up with the demand for these services. Due to the fact that the salaries in Africa are very low in comparison with the United Kingdom or other parts of the world, it is hard for Africa to recruit talent. This is one of the reasons why supporting my educational goals can benefit society. I want to go back to Africa upon graduation in order to help out the community. I am a very giving person that believes in the value of helping others. Before the industrialized world took over our lives our ancestors lived in a society in which everyone depended on the efforts of each other. In order for the world to become a better place, more professionals have to dedicate themsel ves to social causes. I want to help others as much as possible. In the past, I have been involved in various volunteer and community service initiatives including scorekeeping at junior basketball games. Now that I’m about to become a resident of the United Kingdom I plan on reaching out to the local churches, non-profit organizations, and governmental institutions in order to find volunteering opportunities. The bursary award would be a blessing for me because I am in need of financial assistance in order to finance my graduate studies. I am not a native resident of the United Kingdom since I was born in South Africa. This fact implies that I am not eligible for the financial assistance scholarship and loan programs United Kingdom residents are entitled too. This places me at a competitive disadvantage in comparison with British residents. The tuition expenses to enroll in the university are very high and for me, the costs are much higher because I’m an international student. When I save money for tuition the economic laws hurt my position because the currency of South Africa is extremely devalued in comparison with the British pound. The conversion rate between the British pound and the South African rand is currently valued at one pound to 11.15 rand.

Punishment and Re-education of Juvenile Offenders Research Paper

Punishment and Re-education of Juvenile Offenders - Research Paper Example Children and adolescents are individuals who are undergoing a radical change in all aspects of their lives. Child development principles must be understood by the juvenile system. These formative years form the developmental trajectories for every individual (Arredondo, 2003). Children are likely to undergo irreversible damage in the application of punishment and deterrence inflicted without proper guidelines. However, the juvenile system has the potential to impact its detainees in a positive manner. Correction officers are charged with a unique responsibility. Expectations on them dictate that they have to reform delinquent youth. Juvenile systems have universal punishments for offenders. That means that the justice system is an offense based rather than offender based. Correction officers, therefore, have to apply uniform punishment and deterrent methods to different offenders. Juvenile offenders have unique needs. Their characters are not fully formed. This means that inappropriate punitive measures are likely to harm the development of the child. It is difficult for the officers to gauge which sanctions are appropriate for each juvenile detainee. The situation is very confusing when dealing with juvenile inmates in an adult correction center. Adults have complete characters. That means that severe punishment is likely to effect a change in their characters. The juvenile system is supposed to offer structure and support to its detainees. Most delinquents originate from homes where the adults are unreliable. These homes have no structure and pay no attention to the needs of the growing children. The children realize that they can push boundaries without suffering the consequences of their misdeeds. Correction officers, therefore, have the prerogative to follow up each offender during their rehabilitation. This is, however, difficult as the officers are charged with a large number of detainees. They are unable to provide consistent and predictable attention to their detainees. Juvenile inmates in an adult institution suffer from lack of structure. The system is designed to correct adults who can take responsibility for their actions.